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. 2023 Jan-Mar;15(1):82-87.
doi: 10.4103/ua.ua_84_22. Epub 2022 Nov 8.

The changing composition of urinary calculi in Southern Thailand over the past 14 years

Monthira Tanthanuch  1 , Nattawit Jakjaroenrit  1 , Sarayuth Boonchai  1 , Tanan Bejrananda  1
Affiliations

The changing composition of urinary calculi in Southern Thailand over the past 14 years

Monthira Tanthanuch et al. Urol Ann. 2023 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Objective: A worldwide increased incidence of urolithiasis has been observed over the past few decades. Insight into the composition of these stones can lead to enhanced medical treatment and outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the distribution and chemical composition of urinary calculi in Southern Thailand over the past decade.

Materials and methods: An analysis was conducted on 2611 urinary calculi submitted to the Stone Analysis Laboratory, Songklanagarind Hospital, a single stone analysis laboratory in Southern Thailand. The analysis was performed from 2007 to 2020 using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The demographic results were described using descriptive statistical analyses, and the Chi-square test for trends was performed to identify changes in urinary calculi composition.

Results: The patients' demographic data revealed a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1; the most common age group of affected men was 50-69 years, whereas the most common age group of affected women was 40-59 years. The most common components found in the calculi were uric acid (30.6%), mixed calcium oxalate with calcium phosphate (29.2%), and calcium oxalate (26.7%). We noted a trend of increasing uric acid calculi for 14 years (P = 0.00493), whereas the trend for the other major components was decreasing.

Conclusion: The most common component of urinary calculi analyzed in Southern Thailand was uric acid, with a significant rising trend in proportion in the past decade; the trend of other major components, such as mixed calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, decreased.

Keywords: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; Southern Thailand; uric acid; urinary calculi; urolithiasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Calculi analysis process
Figure 2
Figure 2
Demographic data of patients with calculi in Southern Thailand (n = 2611) and page 1 Left colume line 24; lithotripsy (SWL), endoscopic surgery: ureterorenoscopy
Figure 3
Figure 3
The major components of urinary calculi in Southern Thailand
Figure 4
Figure 4
Trends of the major components in urinary calculi in Southern Thailand. CaOx: Calcium oxalate component, CaOx-Cap: Mixed calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate, Ua: Uric acid component
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scatter plot of the proportions of uric acid (Ua) with a regression line (P = 0.00493). Ua: Uric acid component
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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