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. 2023 Mar 17:14:1095848.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1095848. eCollection 2023.

Anti-cyclooxygenase, anti-glycation, and anti-skin aging effect of Dendrobium officinale flowers' aqueous extract and its phytochemical validation in aging

Huiji Zhou  1 , Luxian Zhou  2 , Bo Li  1   3 , Rongcai Yue  4   5
Affiliations

Anti-cyclooxygenase, anti-glycation, and anti-skin aging effect of Dendrobium officinale flowers' aqueous extract and its phytochemical validation in aging

Huiji Zhou et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) , widely called as "life-saving immortal grass" by Chinese folk, is a scarce and endangered species. The edible stems of D. officinale have been extensively studied for active chemical components and various bioactivities. However, few studies have reported the well-being beneficial effects of D. officinale flowers (DOF). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro biological potency of its aqueous extract and screen its active components.

Methods: Antioxidant tests, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level analyses in primary human epidermal keratinocytes, anti-cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) assay, anti-glycation assay (both fluorescent AGEs formation in a BSA fructose/glucose system and glycation cell assay), and anti-aging assay (quantification of collagen types I and III, and SA-β-gal staining assay) were conducted to determine the potential biological effects of DOF extracts and its major compounds. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) was performed to investigate the composition of DOF extracts. Online antioxidant post-column bioassay tests were applied to rapidly screen major antioxidants in DOF extracts.

Results and discussion: The aqueous extract of D. officinale flowers was found to have potential antioxidant capacity, anti-cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2) effect, anti-glycation potency, and anti-aging effects. A total of 34 compounds were identified using UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Online ABTS radical analysis demonstrated that 1-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside, vicenin-2, luteolin-6-C-β-D-xyloside-8-C-β--D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, rutin, isoquercitrin, and quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside are the major potential antioxidants. In addition, all selected 16 compounds exerted significant ABTS radical scavenging ability and effective AGE suppressive activities. However, only certain compounds, such as rutin and isoquercitrin, displayed selective and significant antioxidant abilities, as shown by DPPH and FRAP, as well as potent COX-2 inhibitory capacity, whereas the remaining compounds displayed relatively weak or no effects. This indicates that specific components contributed to different functionalities. Our findings justified that DOF and its active compound targeted related enzymes and highlighted their potential application in anti-aging.

Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS; anti-aging; antioxidant; flavone di-C-glycosides.

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Conflict of interest statement

HZ and BL are employed by Amway (Shanghai) Innovation and Science Co., Ltd. LZ is employed by Shanghai Archgene Biotechnology Co. Ltd. BL is employed by company Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of online detection of antioxidants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antioxidant potency of DOF extracts. DPPH scavenging activity (A), ABTS scavenging activity (B), FRAP value (C), and intracellular ROS level (D) of DOF-W. Compared with the control, ** p< 0.01. Compared with the UVB model, ## p< 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
COX-2 inhibition of DOF-W. Compared with the control, ** p< 0.01.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Anti-glycation activity of DOF-W. (A) Inhibition of fluorescent AGEs by DOF-W extract. (B) Cytotoxicity of DOF-W extract to fibroblasts. (C) Effect of CML expression in glyoxal-induced HDFs by DOF-W extract. (D) Representative images of HDFs by fluorescence microscope and statistics. ## p< 0.01 compared with the MGO model. ** p< 0.01 compared with control. AG, aminoguanidine hydrochloride; MGO, methylglyoxal; CML, N-carboxymethyl lysine.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of DOF extract on the expression of collagens by IF staining. HDFs were treated with VC (200 μg/ml, positive control) and DOF extract (10 and 40 μg/ml), whereas HDFs were incubated without any treatment as the control group. (A) Images of collagen I staining (red color) and quantification (B). (C) Images of collagen III staining (green color) and quantification (D). Extracellular content of types I (E) and III (F) collagen on HDFs using ELISA. Bar scale, 100 μm. Compared with the control group, * p< 0.05, ** p< 0.01.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Images of fibroblasts with SA-β-gal staining. Statistics results of fibroblasts with SA-β-gal staining. Bar scale, 100 μm. Compared with the model group, ** p< 0.01.
Figure 7
Figure 7
UPLC-ESI/MS/MS total ion chromatogram of DOF-W.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The chemical structures of main herb markers in the DOF-W.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Graphic review of the anti-aging effect of D. officinale flower aqueous extract.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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