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Review
. 2023 Mar 16:14:1159131.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159131. eCollection 2023.

Dendrimer: An update on recent developments and future opportunities for the brain tumors diagnosis and treatment

Monika Kaurav  1   2 , Sakina Ruhi  3 , Husni Ahmed Al-Goshae  4 , Ashok Kumar Jeppu  3 , Dhani Ramachandran  5 , Ram Kumar Sahu  6 , Ashish Kumar Sarkar  7 , Jiyauddin Khan  8 , Abu Md Ashif Ikbal  9
Affiliations
Review

Dendrimer: An update on recent developments and future opportunities for the brain tumors diagnosis and treatment

Monika Kaurav et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

A brain tumor is an uncontrolled cell proliferation, a mass of tissue composed of cells that grow and divide abnormally and appear to be uncontrollable by the processes that normally control normal cells. Approximately 25,690 primary malignant brain tumors are discovered each year, 70% of which originate in glial cells. It has been observed that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the distribution of drugs into the tumour environment, which complicates the oncological therapy of malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have found that nanocarriers have demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in brain diseases. This review, based on a non-systematic search of the existing literature, provides an update on the existing knowledge of the types of dendrimers, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of action in relation to brain tumours. It also discusses the use of dendrimers in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and the future possibilities of dendrimers. Dendrimers are of particular interest in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours because they can transport biochemical agents across the BBB to the tumour and into the brain after systemic administration. Dendrimers are being used to develop novel therapeutics such as prolonged release of drugs, immunotherapy, and antineoplastic effects. The use of PAMAM, PPI, PLL and surface engineered dendrimers has proven revolutionary in the effective diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours.

Keywords: brain targeting; brain tumor; brain tumor imaging; dendrimers; theranostics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Dendrimer architecture at its most fundamental level.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Schematic diagram that indicates the application of dendrimers in various biomedical fields.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Types of dendrimers: (A) PAMAM Dendrimers; (B) PPI Dendrimers; (C) PLL Dendrimers; (D) Carbosilane Dendrimers; (E) Phosphorus Dendrimers; (F) Peptide dendrimers. Types of dendrimers: (G) Triazine dendrimers; (H) Polyglycerol dendrimers; (I) Citric acid dendrimer; (J) Polyether dendrimers; (K) Surface engineered dendrimers.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Drug targeting approaches (active and passive) mediated by dendrimers in brain tumor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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