Dietary supplement use and its related factors among Chinese international and Korean college students in South Korea

Abstract

Background/objectives: The consumption of dietary supplements has shown an increase among young people in their 20s. We aimed to compare the use of dietary supplements and related factors between Chinese international and Korean college students living in South Korea.

Subjects/methods: We conducted online surveys of 400 Chinese international students and 452 Korean college students from January to February 2021. We analyzed the factors related to the use of dietary supplements by these students using multi-group structural equation modeling and logistic regression analysis.

Results: Approximately 65% of the Chinese international students and 93% of the Korean college students consumed dietary supplements at least once in the year preceding the survey. The common types of dietary supplements consumed by both groups of students were vitamin and mineral supplements, Lactobacillus products, and red ginseng products. Structural equation modeling showed that perception of the consumption of dietary supplements by family and friends positively influenced attitude toward dietary supplements. This effect was higher for Korean college students than for Chinese international students (P < 0.01). Attitude toward dietary supplements positively influenced their use, and this effect was higher for Chinese international students than for Korean college students (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of dietary supplements by Chinese international students was significantly associated with age, self-reported health status, interest in health, perception of and attitude toward dietary supplements, and length of residence in South Korea. Among Korean college students, it was associated with exercise frequency and attitude toward dietary supplements.

Conclusion: This study showed significant differences in the use of dietary supplements and related factors between Chinese international and Korean college students. Therefore, nutrition education programs on dietary supplements need to have differentiated content for each group. Such differences also suggest that the industry should consider the relevant characteristics of college students while developing and marketing dietary supplements.

Keywords: Functional food; attitude; dietary supplements; perception; universities.

Fig. 1. Effect of perception of and attitude toward dietary supplements on dietary supplement use of Chinese international and Korean college students using multi-group structural equation modeling.

Note: Numbers on paths are standardized regression coefficients. Outside the brackets are the standardized regression coefficients for Chinese international students, and inside the brackets are the standardized regression coefficients for Korean college students. The dashed line indicates a non-significant path. The solid lines indicate significant paths. DS, dietary supplements. Model fit: χ² = 591.889 (df = 194, P < 0.001), goodness of fit index = 0.940, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.925, root mean square error of approximation = 0.049. ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 by multi-group structural equation modeling.