Drug target therapy and emerging clinical relevance of exosomes in meningeal tumors

Abstract

Meningioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor. In recent decades, several efforts have been made to eradicate this disease. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the standard treatment options for these tumors. Drug therapy comes to play its role when both surgery and radiotherapy fail to treat the tumor. This mostly happens when the tumors are close to vital brain structures and are nonbenign. Although a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and molecular targeted drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, alkylating agents, endocrine drugs, interferon, and targeted molecular pathway inhibitors have been studied, the roles of numerous drugs remain unexplored. Recent interest is growing toward studying and engineering exosomes for the treatment of different types of cancer including meningioma. The latest studies have shown the involvement of exosomes in the theragnostic of various cancers such as the lung and pancreas in the form of biomarkers, drug delivery vehicles, and vaccines. Proper attention to this new emerging technology can be a boon in finding the consistent treatment of meningioma.

Keywords: Exosome drug delivery system; Exosome-based targeted therapy; Exosome-based vaccines; Meningioma; Targeted therapy; Therapeutic drugs.

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of drugs used in target therapy of meningioma including EGFR Inhibitors, Platelet-derived growth factor inhibitors, Anti-angiogenesis drugs, Pi3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway inhibitor, Rb signaling pathway inhibitor, Protein kinase C inhibitors, RAF/MEK/ERK Inhibitors and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors, FAK inhibitors, and Integrin PI3K/Akt pathway

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of drugs used in hormonal therapy of meningioma

Fig. 3

Diagram of antibodies used in the treatment of meningioma

Fig. 4

Schematic diagram representing the use of exosomes for theragonistics in meningioma