Cardiometabolic Monitoring and Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Youths Prescribed Antipsychotic Medications

Abstract

Objective: This study examined time trends and patient characteristics related to guideline-recommended cardiometabolic risk factor monitoring among youths treated with antipsychotic medications.

Methods: This observational study assessed participant sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and year of antipsychotic medication initiation, with receipt of glycemic and lipid testing within 2 years of initiation as the primary outcome. Electronic health records and pharmacy data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California for 4,568 youths (ages 10-21 years) who began antipsychotic medication treatment during 2013-2017 were included.

Results: Mean±SD age of the sample was 17.0±3.0 years, 52% were male, and 50% were Asian American, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander; Black; Latino; or another or unknown race-ethnicity. Overall, 54% of the sample completed glycemic and lipid monitoring within 2 years of medication initiation (41% within 1 year). With each study year, monitoring rates increased by 5% in this cohort, after the analyses were adjusted for participant factors (p=0.001). In the fully adjusted analysis, youths with a psychotic disorder were 23% more likely to receive cardiometabolic monitoring than those without a psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder (p<0.001). Monitoring was also more common among younger versus older adolescents and among those with risperidone (vs. quetiapine) medication, obesity, or more frequent use of outpatient health care. Youths with (vs. without) substance use disorder were 19% less likely to complete monitoring (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Cardiometabolic monitoring increased modestly over time, but close to half of the studied youths did not receive glycemic or lipid testing. Additional clinical strategies may be needed to increase monitoring overall and among harder-to-reach youth subgroups.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Cardiometabolic testing; Child psychiatry; Quality of care; Treatment guidelines.

FIGURE 1.. Adjusted 2-year cardiometabolic monitoring rates for 4,568 youths initiating antipsychotic medications in 2013–2017^a

^a Rates were adjusted for year of medication initiation and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including serious mental illness, behavioral health and primary care utilization, and an interaction term (categorical year × serious mental illness).