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. 2023 Mar 20:10:1136823.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1136823. eCollection 2023.

Efficacy of different treatment protocols for endometritis in Camelus dromedarius

Hany Ahmed Zaher  1   2 , Abdullah F Al-Fares  1 , Ayman Mesalam  2
Affiliations

Efficacy of different treatment protocols for endometritis in Camelus dromedarius

Hany Ahmed Zaher et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Endometritis is considered a significant cause of infertility problems in dromedary camels. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different treatment protocols for endometritis in dromedary camels under Abu Dhabi Emirates' conditions. A total of 112 dromedary she-camels with uterine infection were subjected to uterine swabbing for bacterial culture and received one of the following treatments: (i) uterine douching with lotagen every other day for three doses, (ii) single parenteral oxytetracycline injection, (iii) subcutaneous injection with ceftiofur for 5 days, or (vi) combined oxytetracycline-ceftiofur injection. The results showed that Escherichia coli was the most isolated bacteria, followed by Streptococcus species. Treatment efficacy was (P < 0.05) higher in ceftiofur and oxytetracycline-ceftiofur protocols compared with lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols. The fertility indexes, services per conception and pregnancy rate, were improved in ceftiofur and mixed oxytetracycline plus ceftiofur protocols as the pregnancy rate was (P < 0.05) higher in those protocols compared with lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols (71.4 and 67.9% vs. 39.3 and 42.9%, respectively). On the other hand, the number of services per conception was significantly lower in ceftiofur and oxytetracycline-ceftiofur protocols (1.2 for each protocol) than in lotagen and oxytetracycline protocols (1.8 and 1.7, respectively). In conclusion, subcutaneous injection of 1 ml ceftiofur per 50 kg body mass for 5 days can be used as an efficient treatment for uterine infection in female dromedary camels caused by E. coli and Streptococcus species for improving their fertility indexes.

Keywords: Camelus dromedarius; ceftiofur; endometritis; fertility indexes; lotagen; oxytetracycline.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Recovery rate in different protocols used for the treatment of endometritis in dromedary camels. The main criterion for assessment of recovery was returning to normal uterine thickness (5–6 mm) as measured by ultrasound device 14 days post-treatment. Columns with different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The pregnancy rate in different protocols used for the treatment of endometritis in dromedary camels. The pregnancy rate was calculated by dividing the number of camels diagnosed as pregnant 28 days after mating by the total number of camels mated. Columns with different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Service per conception in different protocols used for the treatment of endometritis in dromedary camels. Service per conception was calculated by the number of estrus periods during which mating took place. Columns with different letters indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).
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