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Review
. 2023 May-Jun;71(3):101965.
doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2023.101965. Epub 2023 Apr 5.

A historical review of pain disparities research: Advancing toward health equity and empowerment

Staja Q Booker  1 , Tamara A Baker  2 , Darlingtina Esiaka  3 , Jacquelyn A Minahan  4 , Ilana J Engel  5 , Kasturi Banerjee  5 , Michaela Poitevien  6
Affiliations
Review

A historical review of pain disparities research: Advancing toward health equity and empowerment

Staja Q Booker et al. Nurs Outlook. 2023 May-Jun.

Abstract

Background and purpose: This theory-guided review draws on 30 years of published data to examine and interrogate the current and future state of pain disparities research.

Methods: Using the Hierarchy of Health Disparity Research framework, we synthesize and present an overview of "three generations" of pain disparities scholarship, while proposing directions for adopting a "fourth generation" that redefines, explains, and theorizes future pain disparities research in a diverse society.

Discussion: Prior research has focused on describing the scope of disparities, and throughout the historical context of human existence, racialized groups have been subjected to inadequate pain care. It is imperative that research not only illuminates existing problems but also provides solutions that can be implemented and sustained across varying social milieus.

Conclusion: We must invest in new theoretical models that expand on current perspectives and ideals that position all individuals at the forefront of justice and equity in their health.

Keywords: Black Americans; Equity; Health disparities; Hierarchy of health disparity research; Pain; Pain research.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interest: None of the authors report any actual or perceived conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Four Generations of Pain Disparities Research
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