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. 2023 Apr 6;13(1):5613.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31832-0.

Textile dual-band NFC-A4WP (13.56-6.78 MHz) combiner for wireless energy and data transmission for connected clothing

Baptiste Garnier  1 , Philippe Mariage  2 , François Rault  3 , Cédric Cochrane  3 , Vladan Koncar  3
Affiliations

Textile dual-band NFC-A4WP (13.56-6.78 MHz) combiner for wireless energy and data transmission for connected clothing

Baptiste Garnier et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

An original fully textile combiner is proposed to power supply sensors close to a body with only one centralized source of energy like a smartphone, for instance. A solution is provided for taking into account the requirements of an industrial production process that need to minimize needle movements during an embroidery process. Moreover, the paper shows how to support several wireless power transmission standards that already exist, i.e. NFC and A4WP, or will exist to satisfy the tremendous needs of energy for distributed systems in the IoT domain. In this paper, a new textile-based flexible wireless system enabling communication and energy harvesting is proposed. Analytical, numerical, and experimental studies have been conducted to demonstrate that the structure has two resonant frequencies at 6.8 MHz and 13.6 MHz, which make it suitable for NFC and A4WP standards. Moreover, the losses caused by the system are 2.76 dB and 1.91 dB for A4WP and NFC, respectively. The results are successively presented to highlight the specificities of such textile multi-coils combiners. A method for gaining a resonant structure without any solid electronic component is explained.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Photography of the antenna and (b) its diagram. (c) Photography of the two antennas textile dual-band (NFC-A4WP) combiner and (d) its diagram. Figure 1(b) and (d) were carried out using Inkscape software v1.2.2 (https://inkscape.org/).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The two antennas textile dual-band (NFC-A4WP) combiner, (b) its electric diagram and (c) a zoom on the opening capacity Copen. (d) Case of an N-coils combiner (cells) inductively excited (inductive voltage source).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Photo of the combiner S21 parameter measurement experimental setup. (b) Diagram of the direct transmission between the two probes. (c) Diagram of the dual band combiner’s S21 parameter measurement experimental setup. Figure 3(b) and (c) were carried out using Microsoft PowerPoint 2016 16.0.4266.1001 (https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/microsoft-365/powerpoint).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Simulations of the dual-band combiner’s S21 parameter for C open = [1pF, 10pF, 26pF, 100pF, 1000pF] from 1 to 18 MHz (Simulated values by LTspice).
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Textile dual-band combiner’s measured S21 parameter with opening length Lco(mm) varying from 250 to 550 mm. (b) The NFC-A4WP adapted textile dual-band combiner’s measured and simulated S21 parameter from 0 to 20 MHz. The measured S11 and S22 parameters. The A4WP and NFC standard frequencies are highlighted.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Textile dual-band (NFC-A4WP) combiner electromagnetic field emission cartography.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) The textile dual-band near field multiple combiner proof of concept, (b) the data transmitted and (c) the sensor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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