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. 2023 Mar 21:10:1149137.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1149137. eCollection 2023.

Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides derived from Arctium lappa L

Dandan Gao  1   2 , Hong Chen  3 , Haixing Li  3 , Xuhua Yang  1   2 , Xingchen Guo  1   2 , Yuxuan Zhang  1   2 , Jinpu Ma  1   2 , Jutian Yang  2   4 , Shuwen Ma  2   4
Affiliations

Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides derived from Arctium lappa L

Dandan Gao et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Introduction: Arctium lappa L. root has high nutritional and medicinal values and has been identified as a healthy food raw material by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.

Methods: In the present study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(NH4)2SO4 was used to extract Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides (ALPs) from the Arctium lappa L. roots, the optimal extraction conditions of crude ALPs were optimized by using the single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. The structure and composition of ALPs were determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time, the antioxidant activity of ALPs was investigated by in vitro antioxidant experiment.

Results: The optimized extraction parameters for extraction ALPs were as follows: the PEG relative molecular weight of 6,000, a quality fraction of PEG 25%, a quality fraction of (NH4)2SO4 18%, and an extraction temperature of 80°C. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of ALPs could reach 28.83%. FTIR, SEM and HPLC results showed that ALPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and had uneven particle size distribution, an irregular shape, and a rough surface. The ALPs were chiefly composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 70.19:10.95:11.16:6.90. In addition, the ALPs had intense antioxidant activity in vitro with IC50 values in the ·OH radical (1.732 mg/ml), DPPH radical (0.29 mg/ml), and superoxide anion (0.15 mg/ml) scavenging abilities.

Discussion: The results showed that ATPS was an efficient method to extract polysaccharides and could be used for the extraction of other polysaccharides. These results indicated that ALPs had great prospects as a functional food and could be exploited in multiple fields.

Keywords: Arctium lappa L.; antioxidant activity; aqueous two-phase system; polysaccharides; response surface methodology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effects of PEG molecular weight (A), PEG quality fraction (B), (NH4)2SO4 quality fraction (C), and extraction temperature (D) on the extraction rate of ALPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The 2D contour plot and 3D response surface showing the effect of PEG quality fraction and (NH4)2SO4 quality fraction (A, B), PEG quality fraction and extraction temperature (C, D), (NH4)2SO4 quality fraction and extraction temperature (E, F) on the extraction rate of ALPs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Infrared spectra of ALPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning electron microscopy of ALPs [(A) 1,000×; (B) 5,000×].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The HPLC chromatogram of (A) reference monosaccharides and (B) monosaccharides composition of ALPs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Scavenging effect of ALPs on (A) the ·OH radicals compared with VC, (B) the DPPH radicals compared with VC, and (C) the ·O2- radicals compared with VC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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