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. 2023 Mar 28;9(4):e14921.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14921. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Ultra-high sensitive refractive index sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with graphene-coated Ag-grating

Fan Xue  1 , Ye Yao  1 , Piaorong Xu  1 , Jianhua Luo  2 , Lin Li  1 , Lingtao Zhang  1 , Exian Liu  1
Affiliations

Ultra-high sensitive refractive index sensor based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber with graphene-coated Ag-grating

Fan Xue et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

In this paper, an ultra-high sensitive plasmonic sensor is theoretically proposed for refractive index based on D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with graphene-coated Ag-grating in mid-infrared region. Surface plasmon polariton at the metal/dielectric interface can be effectively excited by the fundamental guiding mode, leading to the surrounding medium-dependent loss spectrum. This metallic-grating PCF sensor exhibits a maximum sensitivity of 18612 nm/RIU with a detection resolution of 4.16 × 10-6 RIU in the index range from 1.33 to 1.395. Dependences of loss spectrum on the PCF parameters (air hole diameter and lattice constant) and the grating structure (grating thickness, period and width) are systematically analyzed. Moreover, the influence of the material parameters on the sensor performance is also investigated in term of graphene-layer number and the thickness of Ag layer. The compact design not only has great potentials in the applications of liquid detection, but also offers a guidance in the engineering of the metallic-grating fiber sensor.

Keywords: Ag-grating; D-shaped photonic crystal fiber; Mid-infrared region; Refractive index sensor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Profile of D-shaped Ag-Grating PCF refractive index sensor.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Basic setup of the proposed plasmonic sensor for refractive index sensing.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a) The variation of the loss spectrum with the liquid refractive index. (b) The numerical fitting of the λp as a function of the liquid refractive index.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The variation of loss spectrum as the lattice constant a (a), and hole diameter d (b). (c) and (d) show the numerical fitting between λp and the parameters a, d respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The variation of loss spectrum as the grating width w (a), grating period Λ (b), grating number N (c), and Ag-grating thickness h (d).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The numerical fitting between λp and the grating parameters: grating width w (a), grating period Λ (b), grating number N (c), and Ag-grating thickness h (d).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The variation of the loss spectrum with the number Ng of graphene layers.
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