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. 2023 Mar 23;9(4):e14740.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14740. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Energy transmission through carreau yasuda fluid influenced by ethylene glycol with activation energy and ternary hybrid nanocomposites by using a mathematical model

Aisha M Alqahtani  1 , Muhammad Bilal  2 , Fayza Abdel Aziz Elsebaee  3   4 , Sayed M Eldin  5 , Theyab R Alsenani  6 , Aatif Ali  7
Affiliations

Energy transmission through carreau yasuda fluid influenced by ethylene glycol with activation energy and ternary hybrid nanocomposites by using a mathematical model

Aisha M Alqahtani et al. Heliyon. .

Retraction in

Abstract

The current study aims to assess the augmentation of energy transmission in the presence of magnetic dipole through trihybrid Carreau Yasuda nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet. The rheological properties and thermal conductivity of the based fluids are improved by framing an accurate combination of nanoparticles (NPs). The trihybrid nanofluid (Thnf) has been synthesized by the addition of ternary nanocomposites (MWCNTs, Zn, Cu) to the ethylene glycol. The energy and velocity conveyance has been observed in the context of the Darcy Forchhemier effect, chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and activation energy. The trihybrid nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet has been accurately calculated for velocity, concentration, and thermal energy in the form of a system of nonlinear PDEs. The set of PDEs is reduced to dimensionless ODEs by using suitable similarity replacements. The obtained set of non-dimensional differential equations is numerically computed through the Matlab package bvp4c. It has been perceived that the energy curve enhances by the influence of heat generation factor and viscous dissipation. It is also noted that the magnetic dipole has a momentous contribution to raising the transmission of thermal energy of trihybrid nanofluid and declines the velocity curve. The inclusion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) nano particulates to the base fluid "ethylene glycol", augments the energy and velocity outlines.

Keywords: Activation energy; Carreau yasuda liquid; Heat source term; Magnetic dipole; Trihybrid nanofluid; bvp4c.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Physical drawing of the proposed model.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Velocity f′(η) framework versus the porosity factor kr.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Velocity f′(η) framework versus the ferrohydrodynamic interaction factor β.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Velocity f′(η) framework versus the Weissenberg number We.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Velocity f′(η) framework versus the trihybrid nanocomposites φ.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Velocity framework f′(η) versus the Darcy Forchheimer's factor Fr.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Velocity f′(η) framework versus the power law term m.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Energy curve θ(η) versus heat absorption/generation factor Ht.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Energy curve θ(η) versus the ferrohydrodynamic interaction number β.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Energy curve θ(η) versus the trihybrid nanocomposites φ.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Energy curve θ(η) versus the Eckert number Ec.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
The mass outline ψ(η) versus the activation energy E.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
The mass outline ψ(η) versus the Schmidth number Sc.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14
The mass outline ψ(η) versus the chemical reaction Kr.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15
Percentage analysis among mono, double and triple nanocomposites based nanofluid (a) & (b) Velocity transmission and (c) & (d) Energy transmission.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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