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. 2023 Apr;71(4):1538-1544.
doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2820_22.

Dry eye disease and risk factors for corneal complications in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease

Anahita Kate  1 , Swati Singh  2 , Anthony Vipin Das  3 , Sayan Basu  4
Affiliations

Dry eye disease and risk factors for corneal complications in chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease

Anahita Kate et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Purpose: The current study was carried out to evaluate the clinical features and management outcomes of dry eye disease (DED) in chronic ocular GvHD following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic ocular GvHD between 2011 and 2020 was performed at a tertiary eye care network. Multi-variate regression analysis was carried out for identifying risk factors associated with progressive disease.

Results: A total of 34 patients (68 eyes) with a median age of 33 years [inter-quartile range (IQR) 23-40.5] were studied. The most common indication for HSCT was acute lymphocytic leukemia (26%). Ocular GvHD developed at a median of 2 years (IQR 1-5.5 years) after HSCT. Aqueous tear deficiency was present in 71% of the eyes, of which 84% had a Schirmer value of <5 mm. The median visual acuity at presentation and that after a median follow-up of 6.9 months were comparable at 0.1 log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (P = 0.97). Topical immunosuppression was required in 88% of cases, and with this, improvement in corneal (53%, P = 0.003) and conjunctival staining scores (45%, P = 0.43) was noted. A progressive disease was present in 32% with persistent epithelial defects being the most common complication. Grade 2 conjunctival hyperemia [odds ratio (OR): 2.6; P = 0.01] and Schirmer's value <5 mm (OR: 2.7; P = 0.03) were found to be associated with progressive disease.

Conclusion: Aqueous deficient DED is the most common ocular manifestation of chronic ocular GvHD, and the risk of the disease progression is greater in eyes with conjunctival hyperemia and severe aqueous deficiency. Awareness among ophthalmologists of this entity is essential for its timely detection and optimal management.

Keywords: Chronic GvHD; dry eye disease; graft-versus-host disease; ocular GvHD; progression; risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Collage of images depicting the direct assessment of tear secretion in a normal eye (A1, A2), which is decreased in eyes with graft-versus-host disease (B1, B2, C1, C2)
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease with a lackluster appearance of the corneal epithelium and focal areas of epithelial hypertrophy (yellow arrows); (b-d) Fluorescein-stained images of the cornea showing a progressive increase in the severity of staining with a central epithelial defect (white arrow), filaments (yellow arrowhead), and a coalesced area of punctate stains (white arrowhead)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Collage of images depicting eyes with progressive chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease. (a) Central corneal perforation with a surrounding scar; (b) Limbal stem cell deficiency with pannus nasally and temporally; (c) Everted upper lid with tarsal scarring and fibrosis (yellow arrow); (d) Medial symblepharon (yellow arrow) with forniceal shortening of the lower palpebral conjunctiva
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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