Social Network Analysis of the Schistosomiasis control program in two local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria: Insights for NTD elimination plans

Abstract

Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination by 2030. Achieving disease elimination requires collaboration between stakeholders, country ownership and the involvement of community-level stakeholders. The state of stakeholder relationship determines the ease and timeliness of meeting disease elimination targets. Mapping stakeholder relationships is critical for assessing gaps in the schistosomiasis control program implementation, and providing a roadmap for improved stakeholder cohesion. The study aimed to measure the cohesiveness of the contact, collaboration and resource-sharing networks, across 2 local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria.

Materials and methods: This study used a Network Representative design for Social Network Analysis (SNA). The study was conducted within Oyo state, Nigeria using 2 Local Government Areas (LGAs): Ibadan North (urban) and Akinyele (rural). Stakeholders were identified using a link-tracing approach. Data was collected using Qualtrics software from stakeholders across the state, local government, healthcare, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Data was analysed using Gephi software for network cohesion across the three networks.

Results: The social network analysis revealed high clustering and low density across the three networks implying low cohesion across multiple stakeholder categories. The contact and collaborative networks were the most active with the lowest level of cohesion seen in the resource-sharing network. Stakeholders were more active in the rural LGA than the urban, and stakeholders within the organized governance and public health system were the dominant actors in the schistosomiasis control program.

Conclusion: The low cohesion, high clustering and low network density among stakeholders within the schistosomiasis control program should be addressed in other to drive innovation and meet the WHO schistosomiasis elimination target.

Fig 1. Degree centrality across three networks.

Key: LG: local government, FG: Federal Government, State: state government, PHC: Primary Health care centre, Priv. hosp: private hospital, Priv lab: private lab, Dev Partner: Developmental partner, Tert. Hosp: Tertiary hospital, Gen Hosp: General hospital (secondary care).

Fig 2. Betweenness centrality output (collaboration network).

Key: LG: local government, FG: Federal Government, State: state government, PHC: Primary Health care centre, Priv. hosp: private hospital, Priv lab: private lab, Dev Partner: Developmental partner, Tert. Hosp: Tertiary hospital, Gen Hosp: General hospital (secondary care).