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. 2023 Mar 23:11:1125000.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125000. eCollection 2023.

Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021

Carla Lanca  1   2 , Chi Pui Pang  3   4   5 , Andrzej Grzybowski  6   7
Affiliations

Effectiveness of myopia control interventions: A systematic review of 12 randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2021

Carla Lanca et al. Front Public Health. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of interventions to control myopia progression. In this systematic review, the primary outcomes were mean differences (MD) between treatment and control groups in myopia progression (D) and axial length (AL) elongation (mm).

Results: The following interventions were found to be effective (p < 0.001): highly aspherical lenslets (HAL, 0.80 D, 95% CI, 0.77-0.83; -0.35 mm, 95% CI -0.36 to -0.34), MiSight contact lenses (0.66 D, 95% CI, 0.63-0.69; -0.28 mm, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.27), low dose atropine 0.05% (0.54 D, 95% CI, 0.38-0.70; -0.21 mm, 95% CI-0.28 to -0.14), Biofinity +2.50 D (0.45 D, 95% CI, 0.29, 0.61; -0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.15), defocus incorporated multiple segments [DIMS] (0.44 D, 95% CI, 0.42-0.46; -0.34 mm, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.33) and ortho-k lenses (-0.24 mm, 95% CI -0.33 to -01.5).

Conclusion: Low-dose atropine 0.01% was not effective in reducing AL progression in two studies. Treatment efficacy with low-dose atropine of 0.05% showed good efficacy. Spectacles (HAL and DIMS) and contact lenses (MiSight and Biofinity) may confer a comparable treatment benefit compared to atropine, to slow myopia progression.

Keywords: axial length; efficacy; elongation; myopia; progression; systematic review; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of myopia progression (D) showing mean differences between treatment and control groups. The point estimate for the mean difference for each study is shown in gray color. The weight assigned to each study is represented by the size of each gray point estimate. The horizontal line through each gray point estimate shows the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference for each treatment. CL, contact lenses; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of axial length elongation (mm) showing mean differences between treatment and control groups. The point estimate for the mean difference for each study is shown in gray color. The weight assigned to each study is represented by the size of each gray point estimate. The horizontal line through each gray point estimate shows the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference for each treatment. CL, contact lenses; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; K, keratology.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Funnel plot of comparison for myopia progression (A) and axial length elongation (B). The funnel plot is a scatter plot that shows the effect estimates on the x-axis and measures of study precision (or study size) on the y-axis. The blue dotted vertical line represents the estimated common effect. SE, standard error; MD, mean difference.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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