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Review
. 2023 Mar 22:14:1138128.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138128. eCollection 2023.

Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies

Lu Liu  1 , Daohong Chen  1 , Ziyang Zhou  1 , Jing Yuan  1 , Ying Chen  1 , Mingsheng Sun  1 , Mengdi Zhou  1 , Yi Liu  1 , Shiqi Sun  1 , Jiao Chen  1   2 , Ling Zhao  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies

Lu Liu et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Ischemic stroke has been a prominent focus of scientific investigation owing to its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, and difficulties in treatment. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and are involved in neuronal death following ischemic stroke. Hence, maintaining mitochondrial function is critical for neuronal survival and neurological improvement in ischemic stroke, and mitochondria are key therapeutic targets in cerebral stroke research. With the benefits of high efficacy, low cost, and high safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has great advantages in preventing and treating ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have explored the effect of TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial structure and function. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we summarized the current advances in TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria. We aimed to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for TCM in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria.

Keywords: ischemic stroke; mitochondria; molecular mechanism; review; traditional Chinese medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Acupuncture prevented and treated ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria. (A) Acupuncture prevented ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria at different time point in reperfusion stage. (B) Acupuncture treated ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria at different time point of acupuncture treatment. Abbreviations: RCR, respiratory control ratio; LC3-I/II, Light chain 3I/II; GSH, glutathione; SQSTM1, Sequestosome-1; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Herbal extract prevented and treated ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Molecular mechanisms of herbal extract, TCM compounds and TCM prescriptions in treating ischemic stroke from the prospective of mitochondria. ↑, upregulate; ↓, downregulate; Abbreviations: NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Endo G, endonuclease G; Apaf-1, apoptosis activating factor-1; AIF, apoptosis-related proteins; Mfn1, mitofusins-1; Opa1, optic atrophy 1; Smac/Diablo, the second mitochondrion-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI; cIAP-1, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis- 1; Cyt-c, cytochrome C; mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Drp1, dynamin-related protein 1; HIF1α/PDK1, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 1; NADH, Nicotinamide adenine dineucleotide; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
TCM compounds prevented and treated ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria. Abbreviations: mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
TCM prescriptions prevented and treated ischemic stroke by regulating mitochondria.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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