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. 2023 Mar 22:11:1155052.
doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1155052. eCollection 2023.

Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Yi Hong  1 , Yun Zhao  1 , Hao Li  1 , Yunshu Yang  1 , Meining Chen  1 , Xi Wang  1 , Mingyao Luo  2   3   4 , Kai Wang  1   4
Affiliations

Engineering the maturation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Yi Hong et al. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. .

Abstract

The maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) has been a major challenge to further expand the scope of their application. Over the past years, several strategies have been proven to facilitate the structural and functional maturation of hSC-CMs, which include but are not limited to engineering the geometry or stiffness of substrates, providing favorable extracellular matrices, applying mechanical stretch, fluidic or electrical stimulation, co-culturing with niche cells, regulating biochemical cues such as hormones and transcription factors, engineering and redirecting metabolic patterns, developing 3D cardiac constructs such as cardiac organoid or engineered heart tissue, or culturing under in vivo implantation. In this review, we summarize these maturation strategies, especially the recent advancements, and discussed their advantages as well as the pressing problems that need to be addressed in future studies.

Keywords: 3D cardiac organoid; biochemical cues; cardiomyocytes; in vivo implantation; maturation; metabolic engineering; physical cues; stem cell.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Representative hallmarks for characterizing the mature SC-CM. Cav1.2, L-type Ca2+ channel; CM, cardiomyocyte; Cx43, connexin43; HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1α; hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell; NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; RyR, ryanodine receptor; SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Bioengineering strategies to enhance the maturation of SC-CMs. CM, cardiomyocyte; ECM, extra cellular matrix; hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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