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Review
. 2023 Apr;9(4):e14776.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14776. Epub 2023 Mar 23.

A systematic review of the effect of COVID-19 on semen parameters

Xiucheng Lan  1 , Meijing Wang  1 , Xujun Yu  2 , Liang Dong  1 , Junjun Li  3 , Degui Chang  1 , Fang Yang  1
Affiliations
Review

A systematic review of the effect of COVID-19 on semen parameters

Xiucheng Lan et al. Heliyon. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Background and objectives: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, more and more studies have proved that it has an impact on the male reproductive system. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on male semen parameters, further analyze the incidence and risk factors of diseases related to semen parameters, and put forward to corresponding preventive measures.

Methods: Retrieved from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinicaltrails, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Database and VIP to collect research on the effects of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system. The literature search was conducted until January 2022. In strict accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literature and comprehensively analyzed five cohort studies on the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive system. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included cohort studies, and Revman 5.4.1 was applied for statistical analysis.

Results: Semen volume (RR = -0.10; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.26; P = 0.60), there was no significant difference between the test group and the control group; Sperm count (RR = -45.28; 95% CI: 66.38, 24.19; P = 0.0001), the sperm count of the COVID-19 test group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant; Sperm concentration (RR = -15.65 × 106; 95%CI: 31.52 × 106, 0.21 × 106; P = 0.05), there was no significant difference between the test group and the control group; progressive sperm motility (RR = 4.31; 95% CI: 4.62, 13.24; P = 0.34), there was no effect on progressive sperm motility in the COVID-19 test group compared with the control group.

Conclusions: COVID-19 can reduce semen quality and affect male fertility. However, due to the limitations of this study, this conclusion needs to be further verified by large-sample, high-quality prospective cohort studies on the long-term effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive function.

Keywords: COVID-19; Male fertility; Semen volume; Sperm concentration; Sperm count.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Summary of the literature identification and selection process. ∗ signifies PubMed = 244, Cochrane library = 28, Embase = 534, Web of science = 173, Clinicaltrails = 0, CBM = 16, CNKI = 21, Wanfang = 89,VIP = 14.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot between COVID-19 and semen volume.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot between COVID-19 and sperm count.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot between COVID-19 and sperm concentration.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot between COVID-19 and progressive sperm motility.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest map after sensitivity analysis of COVID-19 and progressive sperm motility.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Funnel plot of the influence of the included literature on sperm count.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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