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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 May;37(5):298-306.
doi: 10.1177/15459683231166939. Epub 2023 Apr 11.

New Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Electromyography-Driven Robot Hand for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Patients With Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Yuhei Murakami  1 , Kaoru Honaga  1 , Hidemi Kono  1 , Koshiro Haruyama  1   2 , Tomofumi Yamaguchi  2 , Mami Tani  1 , Reina Isayama  1 , Tomokazu Takakura  1 , Akira Tanuma  1 , Kozo Hatori  1 , Futoshi Wada  1   2 , Toshiyuki Fujiwara  1   2
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

New Artificial Intelligence-Integrated Electromyography-Driven Robot Hand for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation of Patients With Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Yuhei Murakami et al. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2023 May.

Erratum in

  • Corrigendum to: Murakami et al. (2023).
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2025 Jul;39(7):584-587. doi: 10.1177/15459683251341565. Epub 2025 May 23. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2025. PMID: 40405834 No abstract available.

Abstract

Background: An artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated electromyography (EMG)-driven robot hand was devised for upper extremity (UE) rehabilitation. This robot detects patients' intentions to perform finger extension and flexion based on the EMG activities of 3 forearm muscles.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of this robot in patients with chronic stroke.

Methods: This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week follow-up period. Twenty patients were assigned to the active (n = 11) and control (n = 9) groups. Patients in the active group received 40 minutes of active finger training with this robot twice a week for 4 weeks. Patients in the control group received passive finger training with the same robot. The Fugl-Meyer assessment of UE motor function (FMA), motor activity log-14 amount of use score (MAL-14 AOU), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), H reflex, and reciprocal inhibition were assessed before, post, and post-4 weeks (post-4w) of intervention.

Results: FMA was significantly improved at both post (P = .011) and post-4w (P = .021) in the active group. The control group did not show significant improvement in FMA at the post. MAL-14 AOU was improved at the post in the active group (P = .03). In the active group, there were significant improvements in wrist MAS at post (P = .024) and post-4w (P = .026).

Conclusions: The AI-integrated EMG-driven robot improved UE motor function and spasticity, which persisted for 4 weeks. This robot hand might be useful for UE rehabilitation of patients with stroke.Clinical Trial Registry Name: The effect of robotic rehabilitation using XMM-HR2 for the paretic upper extremity among hemiparetic patients with stroke.Clinical Trial Registration-URL: https://jrct.niph.go.jp/Unique Identifier: jRCTs032200045.

Keywords: cerebrovascular disease; hemiparesis; rehabilitation; robotics; upper extremity.

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