Distribution of dental practices in Jazan of Saudi Arabia: a GIS-based approach

Abstract

Background: Jazan region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been extensively studied regarding access to dental care services, but there is currently no specific study on the distribution of public (primary healthcare centres (PHCs) and hospitals) and private dental healthcare facilities in the area. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of public and private dental care facilities in the Jazan region in relation to the population distribution in each governorate of the region.

Methods: The most up-to-date, easily accessible, and anonymous data and information were used for this investigation. The Ministry of Health's (MOH) Statistical Yearbook 2020 and interactive map were used to identify the locations of healthcare facilities. These locations were plotted on a map using Google Maps, and the data was converted to longitude and latitude with 90% level building accuracy. QGIS's integrated database was used to develop buffer zones and perform attribute analysis. The data was then exported for analysis in Microsoft Excel, where healthcare facility-to-population ratios were determined.

Results: In Jazan region, consisting of 17 governorates and a population of 1,726,739, there were 275 public and private dental clinics, with a ratio of one dental clinic per 6,279 people in terms of general health services. Only 12.4% of these clinics were located beyond 20 km of the city centre, serving approximately 70% of the region's population.

Conclusion: The uneven distribution of dental clinics in the Jazan region has hampered access to dental treatments and has led to a significant burden on dental health facilities, reducing the quality of care available in the region. Mapping the distribution of MOH, private, and other health facilities, as well as the burden of oral disease in the Jazan region, is necessary for further research.

Keywords: Accessibility; Dental healthcare services; Geographic information systems; Health facilities; Jazan; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Fig. 1

A high-resolution image showing the distribution of population per governorate and dental practice based on accessibility areas in the Jazan region, KSA. (a) buffer zone indicating primary healthcare centres (PHCs) distribution from governorate centroid (b) buffer zone indicating hospitals distribution from governorate centroid count (c) buffer zone indicating private dental clinics distribution from governorate centroid (d) buffer zone indicating all dental clinics distribution from governorate centroid

Fig. 2

A high-resolution image showing the distribution of population per governorate and locations of dental clinics, (a) with dental clinics being used as the centroid of the buffer; (b) heat map indicating the distribution of population density and dental clinic in Jazan region