Measurements of fetal dose with Mevion S250i proton therapy system with HYPERSCAN

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize potential dose to the fetus for all modes of delivery (dynamic adaptive aperture, static adaptive aperture, and no adaptive aperture) for the Mevion S250i Proton Therapy System with HYPERSCAN and compare the findings with those of other available proton systems.

Materials and methods: Fetal dose measurements were performed for all three modes of dose delivery on the Mevion S250i Proton therapy system with HYPERSCAN (static aperture, dynamic aperture and uncollimated). Standard treatment plans were created in RayStation for a left-sided brain lesion treated with a vertex field, a left lateral field, and a posterior field. Measurements were performed using WENDI and the RANDO with the detector placed at representative locations to mimic the growth and movement of the fetus at different gestational stages.

Results: The fetal dose measurements varied with fetus position and the largest measured dose was 64.7 μSv per 2 Gy (RBE) fraction using the dynamic aperture. The smallest estimated fetal dose was 45.0 μSv per 2 Gy (RBE) at the base of the RANDO abdomen (47 cm from isocenter to the outer width of WENDI and 58.5 cm from the center of the WENDI detector) for the static aperture delivery. The vertex fields at all depths had larger contributions to the total dose than the other two and the dynamic aperture plans resulted in the highest dose measured for all depths.

Conclusion: The reported doses are lower than reported doses using a double-scattering system. This work suggests that avoiding vertex fields and using the static aperture will help minimize dose to the fetus.

Keywords: fetal dose; scanning beam proton therapy.

FIGURE 1

Dose distribution for 6 cm diameter left lateral lesion using vertex, posterior, and left lateral fields.

FIGURE 2

Dose volume histograms for static aperture, dynamic aperture, and uncollimated treatments. Normal brain and target are shown.

FIGURE 3

Illustration of the RANDO phantom and the positions of the WENDI for neutron dose equivalent measurement.

FIGURE 4

Measurements of the out of field contribution. The blue cross is for the dynamic aperture measurements, the black square represents the measurements where an aperture was not used, and the red circle represents measurements where the apertures were static. The bubble detector measurement for the adaptive aperture field at 52 cm from isocenter is shown as a star. The error bars to demonstrate standard deviation are too small in comparison to the size of the dose measurements.