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. 2023 Apr 12;13(1):5965.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32409-7.

Papaya latex mediated synthesis of prism shaped proteolytic gold nanozymes

Ajoy Kumar Das  1   2 , Jon Jyoti Kalita  3 , Maina Borah  4 , Suradip Das  3 , Manav Sharma  3 , Dhiren Saharia  5 , Kushal Konwar Sarma  6 , Samrat Bora  7 , Utpal Bora  3
Affiliations

Papaya latex mediated synthesis of prism shaped proteolytic gold nanozymes

Ajoy Kumar Das et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Beyond natural enzymes, the artificially synthesized nanozymes have attracted a significant interest as it can overcome the limitations of the former. Here, we report synthesis of shape controlled nanozymes showing proteolytic activity using Carica papaya L. (papaya) latex. The nanozymes synthesized under optimized reaction conditions exhibited sharp SPR peak around 550 nm with high abundance (45.85%) of prism shaped particles. FTIR analysis and coagulation test indicated the presence of papaya latex enzymes as capping agents over the gold nanoprisms. The milk clot assay and the inhibition test with egg white confirmed the proteolytic activity of the nanozymes and the presence of cysteine protease on it, respectively. The nanozymes were found to be biocompatible and did not elicit any toxic response in both in-vitro and in-vivo study. Based on our findings, we envisage that these biocompatible, shape-specific nanozymes can have potential theragnostic applications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM micrograph of gold nanoparticles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TEM micrograph of gold nanoparticles, inset: size distribution histogram.
Figure 3
Figure 3
DLS graph showing size distribution of the nanoparticles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HRTEM image of prismatic gold nanozymes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
XRD patterns of synthesized prismatic gold nanozymes with optimized condition, inset: SAED pattern.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) TGA spectra of the synthesized prismatic gold nanozymes where C is the baseline (B) FTIR spectra of aqueous fraction (AF) of Carica papaya L. (curve 1) latex and synthesized gold nanozymes with 1 mM HAuCl4 (curve 2).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Milk clot assay (A–C) with milk + AF, A = 0 h, B = ½ h, C = 1 h (D–E) with milk + GNPs synthesized with Centella asiatica, D = 0 h, E = 72 h. (F,G) with milk + GNPs synthesized with sodium citrate, F = 0 h, G = 72 h.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Milk clot assay (A–G) with different concentrations of prismatic gold nanozymes (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) upto 72 h with images taken at initiation of curdling; inset: histograms showing initiation of curdling.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Papain inhibition test (A,B) with (milk + chicken egg white), (milk + chicken egg white + prismatic gold nanozymes), A = 0 h., B = 72 h.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Cytotoxicity of synthesized prismatic gold nanozymes.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Histology of Liver, spleen and kidney (A–C) = normal rat (control); (D–F) nanozynme treated mice.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Schematic representation of synthesis of nanoparticles, its characterization (UV–VIS, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, TGA, DLS) and activity tests (MTT test, in-vivo study and Milk Clot Assay).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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