Potentialities and limitations of Interprofessional Education during graduation: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies

Abstract

Background: Rapid demographic, epidemiological, technological, cultural/behavioural, and educational transitions, as they become more complex, demand new integrated and complementary professional skills and abilities. Interprofessional Education (IPE) is a promising alternative to deal with these changes, especially in courses in the health area. This systematic review was to explore the potentialities and limitations of IPE, from the perspective of undergraduate students, through a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

Methods: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies was conducted. The question elaborated for this review was: "What is the impact of interprofessional education on the teaching and learning of students in the health area inserted in Higher Education Institutions?". The search strategy was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). In addition, searches were carried out in grey literature on the ERIC platforms, ProQuest Disserts and Theses, and Academic Google. The assessment of the quality of the studies was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were summarized through thematic synthesis. From the databases, 8,793 studies were identified. After standardized filters procedures, critical summaries, and assessment of relevance to the eligibility criteria, 14 articles were included.

Results: The synthesis of the studies revealed the potential of this teaching approach, arranged in three analytical themes: learning from each other and about them; the value of education and interprofessional practice; patient-centred health care. On the other hand, some limitations were also identified, such as barriers related to EIP; the difficulties related to teaching methodologies.

Conclusion: Overcoming the identified limitations can enhance the results of the IPE, in view of its impact on the education of students and on the health care of the population.

Keywords: Education; Interdisciplinary communication; Interprofessional education; Professional; Students.

Fig. 1

Flow diagram of study

Fig. 2

Illustration coding of thematic synthesis

Fig. 3

Analytical themes and interpretive codes regarding the potentialities/limitations of IPE, based on the original studies. Curitiba, 2021 Note: Size of circles and squares (code density indication): 1–2 references = 2 cm; 3–4 references = 3 cm; 5–6 references = 4 cm; and above 6 references = 5 cm. The colours of the circles/squares represent the analytical themes. The potentialities (circles) of the IPE are factors that led students to a positive perception of the student towards the IPE, and the limitations (square) are those that led to a negative perception