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. 2023 Mar 24;24(7):6198.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24076198.

Clonal Spreading of ST42 Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains Occurs Possibly Due to fusB and tetK Resistant Genes and Capsule-Related Genes

Lee-Chung Lin  1 , Shih-Cheng Chang  1   2 , Yu-Hsiang Ou  1 , Tsui-Ping Liu  1 , Jang-Jih Lu  1   2   3
Affiliations

Clonal Spreading of ST42 Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains Occurs Possibly Due to fusB and tetK Resistant Genes and Capsule-Related Genes

Lee-Chung Lin et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a frequent nosocomial invasive bacteremia pathogen in hospitals. Our previous analysis showed one of the predominant strains, ST42 originated from ST3, had only one multilocus sequence typing (MLST) variation among seven loci in SH1431; yet no significant differences in biofilm formation observed between ST42 and ST3, suggesting that other factors influence clonal lineage change. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on two isolates from ST42 and ST3 to find phenotypic and genotypic variations, and these variations were further validated in 140 clinical isolates. The fusidic acid- and tetracycline-resistant genes (fusB and tetK) were found only in CGMH-SH51 (ST42). Further investigation revealed consistent resistant genotypes in all isolates, with 46% and 70% of ST42 containing fusB and tetK, respectively. In contrast, only 23% and 4.2% ST3 contained these two genes, respectively. The phenotypic analysis also showed that ST42 isolates were highly resistant to fusidic acid (47%) and tetracycline (70%), compared with ST3 (23% and 4%, respectively). Along with drug-resistant genes, three capsule-related genes were found in higher percentage distributions in ST42 than in ST3 isolates. Our findings indicate that ST42 could become endemic in Taiwan, further constitutive surveillance is required to prevent the spread of this bacterium.

Keywords: Staphylococcus haemolyticus ST42; capsule related genes; fusB; tetK.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparative genomic analysis of genome structure of CGMH-SH51, CGMH-SH53, and the three reference strains.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pairwise comparison of the RIfusB structure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pairwise comparison of CGMH-SH51 and CGMH-SH53 plasmids and their most identical sequences. Plasmids of CGMH-SH51 (pCGMH-SH51) and CGMH-SH53 (pCGMH-SH53) were compared with each other (A) and their most identical sequences, as identified from NCBI blast, are shown in (B,C). Grayscale indicates sequence similarities > 90%. Light blue indicates sequences close to the CGMH-SH51 genome (similarity > 90%). Gene Symbols and different genes are represented by various colors.
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