Pathophysiological Effects of Various Interleukins on Primary Cell Types in Common Heart Disease

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) are the most common heart diseases, yet there is currently no effective therapy due to their complex pathogenesis. Cardiomyocytes (CMs), fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells (ECs), and immune cells are the primary cell types involved in heart disorders, and, thus, targeting a specific cell type for the treatment of heart disease may be more effective. The same interleukin may have various effects on different kinds of cell types in heart disease, yet the exact role of interleukins and their pathophysiological pathways on primary cell types remain largely unexplored. This review will focus on the pathophysiological effects of various interleukins including the IL-1 family (IL-1, IL-18, IL-33, IL-37), IL-2, IL-4, the IL-6 family (IL-6 and IL-11), IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 on primary cell types in common heart disease, which may contribute to the more precise and effective treatment of heart disease.

Keywords: cardiomyocytes; fibroblasts; heart disease; immune cells; interleukin.

Figure 1

The specific pathophysiological effects of different interleukins on CMs in common heart disease. The box in red represents the deleterious role, and the box in green represents the protective role.

Figure 2

The specific pathophysiological effects of different interleukins on FBs in common heart disease. The box in red represents the deleterious role, and the box in green represents the protective role.

Figure 3

The specific pathophysiological effects of different interleukins on ECs in common heart disease. The box in red represents the deleterious role, and the box in green represents the protective role.

Figure 4

The specific pathophysiological effects of different interleukins on immune cells in common heart disease. The box in red represents the deleterious role, and the box in green represents the protective role.

Figure 5

The overall effects of interleukin family members on primary cell types in heart disease. The heart comprises these major cell types: cardiomyocytes (CMs), fibroblasts (FBs), endothelial cells (ECs), and immune cells. An interleukin marked with a red circle represents the deleterious effect on a specific cell type, a green circle represents the protective effect on a specific cell type, and an orange circle represents a double-sided effect.