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. 2023 Mar 24;16(7):2574.
doi: 10.3390/ma16072574.

Laser Emission Spectroscopy of Graphene Oxide Deposited on 316 Steel and Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Suitable for Orthopedics

Barbara Nasiłowska  1 , Wojciech Skrzeczanowski  1 , Aneta Bombalska  1 , Zdzisław Bogdanowicz  2
Affiliations

Laser Emission Spectroscopy of Graphene Oxide Deposited on 316 Steel and Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Suitable for Orthopedics

Barbara Nasiłowska et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper presents the results of an analysis of carbon (in the form of graphene oxide) deposited on the surface of threads made from stainless steel 316 and titanium alloy Ti6Al4V used in orthopedics using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The aim of the article is to indicate the possibility of using the LIBS spectra for the study of thin layers, including graphene derivatives and other elements. Stratigraphic measurements allowed the detection of differences in the spectra peaks of individual elements, not only in the surface layer itself and in the native material, but also in the intermediate layer connecting the two layers. Due to the clear difference in the outline of the spectrum of graphene oxide and the spectrum of the native material of the samples analyzed, a clear incorporation of carbon atoms into the surface layer was observed. A factor analysis was performed, which confirmed the incorporation of graphene oxide into the surface layer of the native material of the elements examined.

Keywords: LIBS; Ti6Al4V alloy; graphene oxide; stainless steel.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme of the measurement system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Diagram of stratigraphic measurements made in the LIBS experiment (a) initial phase, before laser shot, (b–d) sample surface with increasing number of laser shots.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM image of the screw surface: (a,b) stainless steel 316 and (c,d) alloy Ti6Al4V (the arrows point the GO layers).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Raman spectrum of screws examined with deposited GO.
Figure 5
Figure 5
LIBS spectra of graphene oxide deposited on a thread made from steel 316L obtained with a different number of laser beam pulses and related to the spectrum of graphene oxide.
Figure 6
Figure 6
LIBS spectra of graphene oxide deposited on a thread in a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, obtained with a different number of laser beam pulses and related to the spectrum of graphene oxide.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Peak intensity of the carbon line C I 247 nm for the 316L steel sample.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Peak intensity of the carbon line C I 247 nm for the Ti6Al4V alloy.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Plasma temperatures for subsequent shots in the stratigraphy experiment.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Factorial analysis of the LIBS spectra of a 316 stainless steel sample.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Factorial analysis of the LIBS spectra of a Ti6Al4V alloy sample.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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