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. 2023 Apr 6;15(7):1785.
doi: 10.3390/nu15071785.

Damage from Carbonated Soft Drinks on Enamel: A Systematic Review

Angelo Michele Inchingolo  1 , Giuseppina Malcangi  1 , Laura Ferrante  1 , Gaetano Del Vecchio  1 , Fabio Viapiano  1 , Antonio Mancini  1 , Francesco Inchingolo  1 , Alessio Danilo Inchingolo  1 , Daniela Di Venere  1 , Gianna Dipalma  1 , Assunta Patano  1
Affiliations

Damage from Carbonated Soft Drinks on Enamel: A Systematic Review

Angelo Michele Inchingolo et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The present study was conducted to analyze the erosive potential of the ever-increasing consumption of carbonated drinks on the dental surface. To identify relevant studies, a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science covering the last 5 years (2018-2023) using the following Boolean keywords: "soft drinks AND tooth". Finally, a total of 19 studies were included. The initial search provided a total of 407 items. Nineteen records were finally involved in the inclusion phase, seven of which were in vivo and twelve in vitro. An abuse of carbonated acid substances leads to an increase in the possibility of dental erosion with consequent structural disintegration and reduction of the physical and mechanical properties of the enamel. There is thus greater bacterial adhesion on rougher surfaces, determined by the erosive process, and therefore a greater risk of caries. The pH of most commercialized carbonated drinks is lower than the critical pH for the demineralization of the enamel. Carbonated drinks' pH and duration of exposure have different deleterious effects on enamel.

Keywords: bacterial colonization; carbonated drink; demineralization; dental hypersensitivity; enamel erosion; nutrition; oral pH; soft drinks; tooth; tooth decay.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Enamel damage causes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PRISMA flowchart.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of bias graphs: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. In vivo studies: Al-Zwaylif (2018) [40]; González-Aragón Pined et al. (2019) [64]; Hasheminejad et al. (2020) [65]; Lim et al. (2019) [66]; Morgado et al. (2022) [49]; Schmidt et al. (2022) [67]; Tudoroniu et al. (2020) [68].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Risk of bias graphs: review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies. In vivo studies: Al-Zwaylif (2018) [40]; González-Aragón Pined et al. (2019) [64]; Hasheminejad et al. (2020) [65]; Lim et al. (2019) [66]; Morgado et al. (2022) [49]; Schmidt et al. (2022) [67]; Tudoroniu et al. (2020) [68].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dental erosion in anterior teeth. (A) frontal vision; (B) lateral vision; and (C) occlusal vision.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dental erosion in anterior teeth. (A) frontal vision; (B) lateral vision; and (C) occlusal vision.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Alteration of the enamel surface.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chain acid-caries.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Erosion surface in a child’s teeth.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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