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Review
. 2023 Mar 24;28(7):2920.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28072920.

Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy

Yan Yik Lim  1 , Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi  1 , Azizi Miskon  2
Affiliations
Review

Combining Copper and Zinc into a Biosensor for Anti-Chemoresistance and Achieving Osteosarcoma Therapeutic Efficacy

Yan Yik Lim et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Due to its built-up chemoresistance after prolonged usage, the demand for replacing platinum in metal-based drugs (MBD) is rising. The first MBD approved by the FDA for cancer therapy was cisplatin in 1978. Even after nearly four and a half decades of trials, there has been no significant improvement in osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. In fact, many MBD have been developed, but the chemoresistance problem raised by platinum remains unresolved. This motivates us to elucidate the possibilities of the copper and zinc (CuZn) combination to replace platinum in MBD. Thus, the anti-chemoresistance properties of CuZn and their physiological functions for OS therapy are highlighted. Herein, we summarise their chelators, main organic solvents, and ligand functions in their structures that are involved in anti-chemoresistance properties. Through this review, it is rational to discuss their ligands' roles as biosensors in drug delivery systems. Hereafter, an in-depth understanding of their redox and photoactive function relationships is provided. The disadvantage is that the other functions of biosensors cannot be elaborated on here. As a result, this review is being developed, which is expected to intensify OS drugs with higher cure rates. Nonetheless, this advancement intends to solve the major chemoresistance obstacle towards clinical efficacy.

Keywords: CuZn; Osteosarcoma Therapy; anti-chemoresistance; ligand biosensors; metal-based drugs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Copper, zinc, and CuZn ions as metal chelators bind with aromatic rings at C, N, O, and S donor atoms with bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta- [95], hexa- [96], and octa-dentate ligands [97]. Reprinted with permission.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ligand biosensors link organic solvent groups and metal chelators, resulting in their derivatives and combined derivatives.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hydrolysis and autophagy degradation mechanisms of lipophilic or hydrophilic ligand biosensors [40,165,166,167,168]. Reprinted with permission.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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