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. 2023 Mar 28;23(7):3557.
doi: 10.3390/s23073557.

Four-Port 38 GHz MIMO Antenna with High Gain and Isolation for 5G Wireless Networks

Ahmed A Ibrahim  1 , Wael A E Ali  2 , Moath Alathbah  3   4 , Ayman R Sabek  2
Affiliations

Four-Port 38 GHz MIMO Antenna with High Gain and Isolation for 5G Wireless Networks

Ahmed A Ibrahim et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In this paper, a 38 GHz 4-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with considerable isolation and gain enhancement for 5G applications is introduced. The suggested antenna element is a monopole antenna composed of a circular patch with a rectangular slot etched from it and a partial ground plane is used to extend the desired frequency to operate from 36.6 GHz to 39.5 GHz with a center frequency of 38 GHz. The high isolation is achieved by arranging the four elements orthogonally and adding four stubs to reduce mutual coupling between elements at the desired frequency bands. The gain improvement is also introduced by placing a frequency selective structure (FSS) which is designed at the same frequency bands of the antenna under the suggested MIMO antenna to act as a reflector. The proposed four-element MIMO with the FSS prototype is built and tested in order to confirm the simulated results. The suggested antenna operated from 37.2 GHz to 39.2 GHz with an isolation of less than 25 dB across the obtained frequency range. The peak gain of the antenna is enhanced from 5.5 dBi to around 10 dBi by utilizing the FSS structure; furthermore, the back radiation is enhanced. The MIMO performance is validated by extracting its parameters and comparing with the simulated results. The results extracted from the simulation and the measurement show satisfactory matching along with the target band, indicating that the proposed structure could be used for 5G communications.

Keywords: 5G wireless communications; FSS structure; MIMO antenna; MIMO performance; high gain.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The evolution of a 38 GHz circular patch antenna.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The circular patch antenna results (a) S11 outcomes of the antennas (b) The effect of the ground length (Lg).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The W1 effect on the antenna performance.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The suggested 38 GHz antenna (a) 2D configuration (L = 12 mm, L1 = 2.45 mm, L2 = 2.35 mm, W1 = 2.2 mm, Wf = 0.4 mm, Lf = 7 mm, and Lg = 7.7 mm) (b) The S11 result.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The 2D configuration of the 4-port MIMO antenna (a) without stubs and (b) with stubs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The simulated S11 with/without stubs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The simulated transmission coefficients with/without stubs (a) S21 (b) S31 (c) S41.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The effect of the Ls on the antenna performance.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The simulated transmission coefficients with changing Ls (a) S21 (b) S31 (c) S41.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The surface current distribution at 38 GHz (a) without stubs (b) with stubs.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The fabricated prototype photo (Top/Back views) of the 4-port MIMO antenna.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The simulated and measured S11 outcomes of the MIMO antenna at port 1.
Figure 13
Figure 13
The simulated transmission coefficients of the MIMO antenna at port 1 (a) S21 (b) S31 (c) S41.
Figure 14
Figure 14
The normalized radiation patterns outcomes of 4-port MIMO antenna at port 1 and 38 GHz.
Figure 15
Figure 15
The FSS structures (a) Unit cell and (b) the suggested FSS array cells.
Figure 16
Figure 16
The FSS unit cell S-parameters results.
Figure 17
Figure 17
The proposed MIMO antenna attached with FSS structures (a) Three antennas with different FSS cell sizes (b) side view (c) 3D view.
Figure 18
Figure 18
The simulated S11 outcomes of the MIMO antenna at port 1 at different FSS cell sizes.
Figure 19
Figure 19
The simulated peak gain of the MIMO antenna at port 1 at different FSS cell sizes.
Figure 20
Figure 20
The suggested 4-port MIMO antenna (a) 2D layout (b) The fabricated photo of 14 × 14 FSS cells (c) The fabricated prototype loaded with FSS cells.
Figure 21
Figure 21
The simulated and measured S11 outcomes of the MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1.
Figure 22
Figure 22
The simulated transmission coefficients of the MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1 (a) S21 (b) S31 (c) S41.
Figure 23
Figure 23
The normalized radiation patterns outcomes of 4-port MIMO antenna at port 1 at 38 GHz with/without FSS.
Figure 24
Figure 24
The normalized radiation pattern outcomes of the 4-port MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1 and 38 GHz.
Figure 25
Figure 25
The simulated and measured peak gain outcomes of the MIMO antenna with/without FSS at port 1.
Figure 26
Figure 26
The simulated total and radiation efficiency of the MIMO antenna at port 1 with/without FSS.
Figure 27
Figure 27
The ECC outcomes of the MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1 (a) ECC1, 2 (b) ECC 1, 3 (c) ECC 1, 4 (d) From radiation patterns.
Figure 28
Figure 28
The DG outcomes of the MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1 (a) DG1, 2 (b) DG 1, 3 (c) DG 1, 4.
Figure 29
Figure 29
The CCL outcomes of the MIMO antenna with FSS at port 1 (a) CCL 1, 2 (b) CCL 1, 3 (c) CCL 1, 4.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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