Dimensional changes in the palate associated with Invisalign First System: a pilot study

Abstract

Objectives: To compare palatal dimensions and molar inclinations after Invisalign First System (IFS) to those in patients treated with slow maxillary expansion (SME) and normal controls.

Materials and methods: Twenty-three mixed dentition patients treated with IFS were gender- and dental age-matched to another two groups: Haas-type SME and control group. The intercanine width (ICW), intermolar width (IMW), palatal surface area (SA), volume (V), and first molar buccolingual inclinations (MI) were measured before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Analysis of variance was used to compare the differences among the three groups.

Results: The ICW increased significantly by 3.10 mm after IFS, 4.77 mm with SME, and 0.54 mm in controls; the difference among the groups was statistically significant (P < .001). The IMW increased by 1.95 mm in IFS, 4.76 mm in SME, and 0.54 mm in controls, with significant intra- and intergroup differences. Palatal SA and volume increased by 43.50 mm2 and 294.85 mm3 in the IFS group, which differed significantly from SME, but was similar to controls. The right and left MI increased 0.24° and 0.08° buccally, respectively, in the IFS group, which was comparable to controls, while significantly increased buccal MI was observed in the SME group.

Conclusions: IFS expands the upper arch with increased ICW and IMW compared to controls, but the expansion amount is smaller than SME. Unlike SME, IFS has no effects on palatal dimensions and molar inclinations.

Keywords: Invisalign First system; Molar inclination; Palatal dimension; Slow maxillary expansion.

Figure 1.

Landmark identification and measurements of ICW and IMW. ICW indicates intercanine width; IMW, intermolar width.

Figure 2.

Palatal surface area (A) and volume (B) measurements including anterior (black), middle (light gray), and posterior (dark gray) segments.

Figure 3.

Illustration of molar buccolingual inclination measurement.

Figure 4.

Bland-Altman plot of repeated linear (A), areal (B), volumetric (C), and angular (D) measurements.