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. 2023 Mar 28:14:1071346.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1071346. eCollection 2023.

Cell-free supernatant of Devosia sp. (strain SL43) mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress on soybean (Glycine max L.) seed vigor index

Nadia Monjezi  1 , Iraj Yaghoubian  1 , Donald L Smith  1
Affiliations

Cell-free supernatant of Devosia sp. (strain SL43) mitigates the adverse effects of salt stress on soybean (Glycine max L.) seed vigor index

Nadia Monjezi et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Soil salinity is a major constraint for soybean production worldwide, and the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and their bioactive metabolite(s) can improve plant salinity tolerance. With this objective, two experiments were performed, aiming to test 4 culture media (YEM(A), TYE(A), TS(A), and LB(A)) for growing a novel Devosia sp. (strain SL43), and then evaluating cell-free supernatants (CFS) from the Devosia sp. on germination of soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds under salinity stress. Soybean seeds were subjected to three salinity levels (0, 100, and 125 mM NaCl) and 6 levels of Devosia sp. CFS dilution (0, 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500, 1:1000). The results indicated that 125 mM NaCl concentration caused the greatest reduction in the total number of germinated seeds (15%), germination rate (43.6%), root length (55.2%), root weight (39.3%), and seed vigor (68%), and it also increased mean germination time by 71.9%. However, Devosia-CFS improved soybean germination, and the greatest effect was obtained at 1:1 dilution. Under the highest salinity level, application of CFS at 1:1 dilution increased final germination (17.6%), germination rate (18.6%), root length (162.2%), root weight (239.4%), seed vigor index (318.7%), and also shortening mean germination time by 19.2%. The results indicated that seed vigor index was positively correlated with other traits except for mean germination time. Our study suggested that the highest productivity of Devoisa sp. was obtained from the YEM medium. Results also suggested that CFS produced by the novel Devosia sp. (SL43 strain) can successfully alleviate salt stress effects on soybean seed germination and manipulating the chemical composition of the growth medium can influence the effectiveness of these bioactive metabolites.

Keywords: Devosia sp.; cell-free supernatants; culture medium optimization; salinity; seed germination; soybean; vigor index.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Growth of Devosia sp. (SL43 strain) in YEM(A) (Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar) and TYE(A) (Tryptone Yeast Extract Agar) media.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Changes in growth of Devosia sp. (SL43 strain) in Yeast Extract Mannitol broth (YEM-B) and Tryptone Yeast Extract broth (TYE-B) under salinity conditions. 1: YEM(B) (Control), 2: TYE(B) (Control), 3: YEM(B) (distilled water), 4: YEM(B) (100 mM NaCl), 5: YEM(B) (125 mM NaCl), 6: TYE(B) (distilled water), 7: TYE(B) (100 mM NaCl) and 8: TYE(B) (125 mM NaCl).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in seed germination for soybean in response to salinity and dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS. Values represent the means of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 100 mL distilled water respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on germination of soybean seedlings. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 100 mL distilled water, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on germination rate of soybean seedlings. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500, and 100 mL distilled water, respectively.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on mean germination time (MGT) of soybean seedlings. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 100 mL distilled water, respectively.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on root length of soybean. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 100 mL distilled water, respectively.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on Root dry weight of soybean seedlings. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 100 mL distilled water, respectively.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of dilutions of Devosia sp. YEM(B)-CFS and TYE(B)-CFS and salinity on seed vigor index of soybean seedlings. Values represent the mean of four replicates ± SD. 1:1, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500 and 1:1000 = 1 mL Devosia sp. CFS and 1, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mL distilled water, respectively.
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