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. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6158.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31314-3.

Optimization of reaction temperature and Ni-W-Mo catalyst soaking time in oil upgrading: application to kinetic modeling of in-situ upgrading

Mahdi Abdi-Khanghah  1 , Arezou Jafari  2 , Goodarz Ahmadi  3 , Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh  4   5
Affiliations

Optimization of reaction temperature and Ni-W-Mo catalyst soaking time in oil upgrading: application to kinetic modeling of in-situ upgrading

Mahdi Abdi-Khanghah et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Decreasing the conventional sources of oil reservoirs attracts researchers' attention to the tertiary recovery of oil reservoirs, such as in-situ catalytic upgrading. In this contribution, the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and multi-objective optimization were utilized to investigate the effect of reaction temperature and catalysts soaking time on the concentration distribution of upgraded oil samples. To this end, 22 sets of experimental oil upgrading over Ni-W-Mo catalyst were utilized for the statistical modeling. Then, optimization based on the minimum reaction temperature, catalysts soaking time, gas, and residue wt.% was performed. Also, correlations for the prediction of concentration of different fractions (residue, vacuum gas oil (VGO), distillate, naphtha, and gases) as a function of independent factors were developed. Statistical results revealed that RSM model is in good agreement with experimental data and high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.96, 0.945, 0.97, 0.996, 0.89) are the witness for this claim. Finally, based on multi-objective optimization, 378.81 °C and 17.31 h were obtained as the optimum upgrading condition. In this condition, the composition of residue, VGO, distillate, naphtha, and gases are 6.798%, 39.23%, 32.93%, 16.865%, and 2.896%, respectively, and the optimum condition is worthwhile for the pilot and industrial application of catalyst injection during in-situ oil upgrading.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of optimization algorithm to find optimum catalysts soaking time and reaction temperature.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted versus actual values of weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gasses, and (e) residue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reaction network for the oil upgrading based on 5 lumped components including 10 irreversible reactions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D and 3D contour plots of the effect of temperature and catalyst soaking time on the weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gases, and (e) Residue.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D and 3D contour plots of the effect of temperature and catalyst soaking time on the weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gases, and (e) Residue.
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