Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6158.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31314-3.

Optimization of reaction temperature and Ni-W-Mo catalyst soaking time in oil upgrading: application to kinetic modeling of in-situ upgrading

Mahdi Abdi-Khanghah  1 , Arezou Jafari  2 , Goodarz Ahmadi  3 , Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh  4   5
Affiliations

Optimization of reaction temperature and Ni-W-Mo catalyst soaking time in oil upgrading: application to kinetic modeling of in-situ upgrading

Mahdi Abdi-Khanghah et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Decreasing the conventional sources of oil reservoirs attracts researchers' attention to the tertiary recovery of oil reservoirs, such as in-situ catalytic upgrading. In this contribution, the response surface methodology (RSM) approach and multi-objective optimization were utilized to investigate the effect of reaction temperature and catalysts soaking time on the concentration distribution of upgraded oil samples. To this end, 22 sets of experimental oil upgrading over Ni-W-Mo catalyst were utilized for the statistical modeling. Then, optimization based on the minimum reaction temperature, catalysts soaking time, gas, and residue wt.% was performed. Also, correlations for the prediction of concentration of different fractions (residue, vacuum gas oil (VGO), distillate, naphtha, and gases) as a function of independent factors were developed. Statistical results revealed that RSM model is in good agreement with experimental data and high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.96, 0.945, 0.97, 0.996, 0.89) are the witness for this claim. Finally, based on multi-objective optimization, 378.81 °C and 17.31 h were obtained as the optimum upgrading condition. In this condition, the composition of residue, VGO, distillate, naphtha, and gases are 6.798%, 39.23%, 32.93%, 16.865%, and 2.896%, respectively, and the optimum condition is worthwhile for the pilot and industrial application of catalyst injection during in-situ oil upgrading.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of optimization algorithm to find optimum catalysts soaking time and reaction temperature.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Predicted versus actual values of weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gasses, and (e) residue.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reaction network for the oil upgrading based on 5 lumped components including 10 irreversible reactions.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D and 3D contour plots of the effect of temperature and catalyst soaking time on the weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gases, and (e) Residue.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D and 3D contour plots of the effect of temperature and catalyst soaking time on the weight percent of in-situ upgrading products (a) VGO, (b) Distillate (c) Naphtha, (d) Gases, and (e) Residue.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kilian L. Understanding the estimation of oil demand and oil supply elasticities. Energy Econ. 2022;107:105844. doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.105844. - DOI
    1. Shabani MH, Jafari A, Mousavi SM, Abdi-Khanghah M. Comparison of produced biosurfactants performance in in-situ and ex-situ MEOR: Micromodel study. Energy Sources Part A Recover Util. Environ. Eff. 2020;30:20–21. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2020.1810826. - DOI
    1. Dong P, Liao X, Chen Z. An approach for automatic parameters evaluation in unconventional oil reservoirs with deep reinforcement learning. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2022;209:109917. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109917. - DOI
    1. Wei B, et al. Oil recovery dynamics of natural gas huff ‘n’puff in unconventional oil reservoirs considering the effects of nanopore confinement and its proportion: A mechanistic study. SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. 2022 doi: 10.2118/209815-PA. - DOI
    1. Xu T, Du Y, Abdi Khanghah M. Toward prediction of surface tension of branched n-alkanes using ANN technique. Pet. Sci. Technol. 2019;37:127–134. doi: 10.1080/10916466.2018.1517162. - DOI