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. 2023 Apr 16;13(1):6189.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33191-2.

Effects of phosphogypsum on enzyme activity and microbial community in acid soil

Changan Li #  1   2 , Yonggang Dong #  3 , Yun Yi  1 , Juan Tian  4 , Chao Xuan  1   5 , Yan Wang  1 , Yuanbo Wen  1 , Jianxin Cao  6
Affiliations

Effects of phosphogypsum on enzyme activity and microbial community in acid soil

Changan Li et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste produced from decomposition of phosphate rock in sulfuric acid. It can improve the physicochemical properties of soil. However, the application of PG will inevitably change the living environment of soil microorganisms and lead to the evolution of the soil microbial community. The effects of PG (0, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10% PG) on soil respiration, enzyme activity and microbial community were studied systematically by indoor incubation experiments. The results showed that the addition of 0.01% PG had little effect on the soil physicochemical properties and microflora. The soil respiration rate decreased with the increase of PG; The activities of catalase, urease and phosphatase were decreased and the activities of sucrase were increased by 10% PG treatment, while 0.01% or 0.1% PG treatment improve the urease activity; Soil microbial community response was significantly separated by amount of the PG amendment, and the application of 10% PG reduced the abundance, diversity and evenness of soil bacteria and fungi. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil bacterial composition was mainly driven by electrical conductivity (EC) and Ca2+, while fungal composition was mainly driven by F- and NH4+. In addition, the application of PG increased the abundance of salt-tolerant microorganisms and accelerated the degradation of soil organic matter. Overall, These results can help to revisit the current management of PG applications as soil amendments.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effect of PG on soil respiration. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences at the level of P < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of PG on soil enzyme activity. Catalase (A), Invertase (B), Phosphatase (C) and Urease (D). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences at the level of P < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil characteristics. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of PG on the relative abundance of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities at the phylum level. Different lowercase letters represent significant differences at the level of P < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PCoA analysis of soil bacteria (A) and fungi (B) under different application rates of PG.
Figure 6
Figure 6
RDA (redundancy analysis) of environmental factors and bacterial (A) and fungal (B) compositions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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