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Review
. 2023 Mar 30:14:1177068.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177068. eCollection 2023.

Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia

Yiling Wang  1 , Yan Yang  1 , Xi Zheng  1 , Jianyou Shi  1 , Lei Zhong  1 , Xingmei Duan  1 , Yuxuan Zhu  1
Affiliations
Review

Application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia

Yiling Wang et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Leukemia is a malignancy initiated by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell from the B and T lineages, resulting in destruction of hematopoietic system. The conventional leukemia treatments induce severe toxic and a long series of unwanted side-effects which are caused by lack of specificity of anti-leukemic drugs. Recently, nanotechnology have shown tremendous application and clinical impact with respect to diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. According to considerable researches in the context of finding new nanotechnological platform, iron oxide nanoparticles have been gained increasing attention for the leukemia patients use. In this review, a short introduction of leukemia is described followed by the evaluation of the current approaches of iron oxide nanoparticles applied in the leukemia detection and treatment. The enormous advantages of iron oxide nanoparticles for leukemia have been discussed, which consist of the detection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as efficient contrast agents, magnetic biosensors and targeted delivery of anti-leukemia drugs by coating different targeting moieties. In addition, this paper will briefly describe the application of iron oxide nanoparticles in the combined treatment of leukemia. Finally, the shortcomings of the current applications of iron-based nanoparticles in leukemia diagnosis and treatment will be discussed in particular.

Keywords: drug delivery; iron oxide nanoparticles; leukemia; magnetism; targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Application of IONPs in leukemia.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Synthesis process and application of 2PG-S*VVVT-PEG4-ol-coated USPIONs (Chee et al., 2018).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
To confirm the high selectivity of the biosensor, besides miRNA-128, this biosensor was also documented for four other biomolecules that are in concentration in healthy humans, including LPS aptamer, glucose, PSA and BSA (Dinani et al., 2022).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
DOX-PMs-NPMBP promotes the intracellular retention of DOX in DOX-resistant cells. (A) The intracellular retention of DOX was assessed by flow cytometry in Nalm6/DOX cells after different treatments. (B) The MFI of Rhodamine123in Nalm123/ADR cells was assessed by flow cytometry analysis through FITC channels (Gan et al., 2021).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Mechanism of action of iron death (Dixon et al., 2012).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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