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. 2023 Mar 31:68:1605198.
doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605198. eCollection 2023.

Non-Genetic Factors and Risk of Cervical Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

Xin-Yu Li  1   2 , Gang Li  3 , Ting-Ting Gong  4 , Jia-Le Lv  1   2 , Chang Gao  1   2 , Fang-Hua Liu  1   2 , Yu-Hong Zhao  1   2 , Qi-Jun Wu  1   2   4
Affiliations

Non-Genetic Factors and Risk of Cervical Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

Xin-Yu Li et al. Int J Public Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: The association between non-genetic risk factors and cervical cancer (CC) remains controversial and unclear. This umbrella review was conducted to evaluate and synthesize previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to non-genetic factors and CC risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE to identify studies investigating the association between extragenetic factors and CC risk. For each article, we calculated the summary effect size and the 95% confidence interval. Specific criteria were used to classify the association into four levels: strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak. Results: A total of 18 meta-analyses of different risk factors for CC were examined; these studies covered risk factors related to diet, lifestyle, reproduction, disease, viral infection, microorganisms, and parasites. Oral contraceptive use and Chlamydia trachomatis infection were shown to increase CC risk, and this was supported by strong evidence. Additionally, there were four risk factors supported by highly suggestive evidence and six risk factors supported by suggestive evidence. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is a strong association between oral contraceptive use, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and increased CC risk.

Keywords: cervical cancer; evidence; meta-analyses; risk factors; umbrella review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flowchart of selection of studies for inclusion in umbrella review on non-genetic factors and risk of cervical cancer (Liaoning, China. 2020).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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