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. 2023 Apr 10:11:e15196.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.15196. eCollection 2023.

Enzyme histochemical characterization of orbital glands in fetuses of Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Mahendra Pratap Singh Tomar  1 , Neelam Bansal  2
Affiliations

Enzyme histochemical characterization of orbital glands in fetuses of Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Mahendra Pratap Singh Tomar et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Background: The orbital glands, viz. lacrimal gland, superficial and deep gland of third eyelid (LG, SGT and HG), are important for normal eye functions. These glands have different functions in various animals. The information about the enzyme histochemical nature of prenatal orbital glands in Indian buffalo seems to be unavailable. Therefore, the study was planned on orbital glands of six full term recently died fetuses from animals with dystocia.

Methods: The frozen sections of all these glands were subjected to standard localization protocols for Alkaline Phosphatase (AKPase), Glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen Diaphorase (NADHD), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen diaphorase (NADPHD), Dihydroxy phenylalanine oxidase (DOPA-O), Tyrosinase, non-specific esterase (NSE) and Carbonic anhydrase (CAse).

Results: The results revealed a mixed spectrum of reaction for the above enzymes in LG, SGT and HG which ranged from moderate (for LDH in SGT) to intense (for most of the enzymes in all three glands). However, DOPA-O, Tyrosinase and CAse did not show any reaction. From the present study, it can be postulated that the orbital glands of fetus have a high activity of metabolism as it has many developmental and functional activities which were mediated with the higher activity of the enzymes involved.

Keywords: Buffalo fetus; Enzyme histochemistry; Harderian gland; Lacrimal gland; Orbital gland; Tear production.

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Conflict of interest statement

Mahendra Pratap Singh Tomar is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Superficial gland of third eyelid in 90.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of AKPase in alveoli.
Simultaneous coupling azo dye method X 400.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Harderian gland of third eyelid in 92.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of G-6-Pase in alveoli.
Lead nitrate method X 100.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Lacrimal gland of 94.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of G-6-Pase in alveoli.
Lead nitrate method X 100.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Lacrimal gland of 92.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of LDH in alveoli.
Nitro BT method X 400.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Harderian gland of 90.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of SDH in alveoli.
Nitro BT method X 400.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Harderian gland of 92.0 cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of G-6-PD in alveoli.
Nitro BT method X 100.
Figure 7
Figure 7. Glandular parenchyma of lacrimal gland in 89.0 cm CVRL fetus showing intense activity of NADHD.
Nitro BT method X 400.
Figure 8
Figure 8. Glandular parenchyma of harderian gland in 92.0 cm CVRL fetus showing intense activity of NADPHD.
Nitro BT method X 400.
Figure 9
Figure 9. Alveoli of harderian gland in 94.0 cm CVRL fetus showing no activity of DOPA-O.
Nitro BT method X 400.
Figure 10
Figure 10. Superficial gland of 90.0.cm CVRL fetus showing strong activity of NSE.
X 400.
Figure 11
Figure 11. Negative reaction for CAse in lacrimal gland of 89.0 cm CVRL fetus.
X 400.
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