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. 2023 Jul;26(7):1338-1344.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980023000769. Epub 2023 Apr 18.

Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents

Christopher R Long  1 , Marie-Rachelle Narcisse  1 , James P Selig  2 , Don E Willis  1 , Matthew Gannon  3 , Brett Rowland  3 , Emily S English  1 , Pearl A McElfish  1
Affiliations

Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents

Christopher R Long et al. Public Health Nutr. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: This study estimates the prevalence of, and associations between, family food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents and explores socio-demographic factors which might have a moderation effect on the association.

Design: Cross-sectional study using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data reported by a parent or guardian. Family-level food security was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture 10-item questionnaire. BMI for age and sex ≥ 85th and 95th percentiles defined overweight and obesity, respectively, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.

Setting: The USA, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Participants: 383 NHPI adolescents aged 12-17 in the USA.

Results: A third (33·5 %) of NHPI adolescents aged 12-17 were overweight (19·1 %) or obese (14·4 %); 8·1 % had low food security; and 8·5 % had very low food security. Mean family food security score was 1·06, which corresponds to marginal food security. We found no association between family food insecurity and adolescent overweight/obesity or between any other covariates and overweight/obesity, except for family Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Odds of being overweight/obese were 77 % lower for adolescents in families participating in SNAP (OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·64, P = 0·007). The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity was particularly pronounced for adolescent girls in food-insecure families.

Conclusions: The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity suggests potential benefit of research to determine whether interventions to increase SNAP enrollment would improve NHPI adolescents' health outcomes.

Keywords: Adolescents; Food insecurity; Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders; Obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Association between Food insecurity and overweight/obesity by adolescent sex and household SNAP participation (n 383)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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