Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Apr 18;23(1):263.
doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04731-x.

Assessing reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Crown-Crisp Experience Index and its application in pneumoconiosis patients

Fulin Cai  1   2 , Sheng Xue  3 , Mei Zhang  4   5 , Xiufeng Chen  1   2 , Jing Zhang  6 , Yi Bao  7 , Yaqiang Li  1
Affiliations

Assessing reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Crown-Crisp Experience Index and its application in pneumoconiosis patients

Fulin Cai et al. BMC Psychiatry. .

Abstract

In China, among all patients with occupational diseases, 90% have pneumoconiosis. The disease, which leads to psychological problems, seriously affects patients' lives. The Crown-Crisp Experience Index (CCEI) is a multidimensional questionnaire to assess patients' psychological conditions. Yet there is no Chinese version of CCEI. This study, therefore, aims to develop a Chinese CCEI, in line with standard localization procedures, by translating, back-translating, and culturally adapting the original English version. The final Chinese version comprises 47 items in six dimensions. The reliability and validity of the Chinese CCEI were tested by analyzing the data collected from 1,000 pneumoconiosis patients from an occupational disease prevention and treatment hospital. A rank sum test was carried out to compare the phobic anxiety (PHO) between pneumoconiosis patients and retired miners. The results of exploratory factor analysis show six principal components, which explain a total of 78.246% variances. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the Chi-square freedom ratio (χ2/df) were less than 3, the root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) were less than 0.05, comparative fit Index(CFI) and incremental fit index (IFI) were greater than 0.9, average variance extracted(AVE) in six dimensions were less than 0.5, residual variances(CR) were greater than 0.8, Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.839, Omega ω coefficient 0.889, and S-CVI 0.88. The PHO of pneumoconiosis patients was significantly higher than that of retired miners exemplified by a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The study shows that the Chinese version of CCEI enjoys a high degree of reliability and validity and thus can be used as a screening tool for measuring patients' anxiety and fear levels.

Keywords: Anxiety; Factor analysis; Phobia; Pneumoconiosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The localization process of the Chinese CCEI
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Path diagram of each dimension
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. The Lancet Improving occupational health in China. Lancet (London, England) 2019;394(10197):443. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31799-4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hall NB, Blackley DJ, Halldin CN, Laney AS. Current review of pneumoconiosis among US coal miners. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2019;6(3):137–147. doi: 10.1007/s40572-019-00237-5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bell JL, Mazurek JM. Trends in pneumoconiosis deaths - United States 1999–2018. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(23):693–698. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6923a1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Morrison EJ, Novotny PJ, Sloan JA, Yang P, Patten CA, Ruddy KJ, et al. Emotional problems, quality of life, and symptom burden in patients with lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2017;18(5):497–503. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2017.02.008. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cheng SH, Sun ZJ, Lee IH, Lee CT, Chen KC, Tsai CH, et al. Factors related to self-reported social anxiety symptoms among incoming university students. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2017;11(4):314–321. doi: 10.1111/eip.12247. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types