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Review
. 2022 Apr 19;4(2):208-221.
doi: 10.1007/s42995-022-00128-z. eCollection 2022 May.

Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture

Qingping Liang  1 , Mingxue Yuan  1 , Liping Xu  2 , Elia Lio  3 , Fang Zhang  1 , Haijin Mou  1 , Francesco Secundo  3
Affiliations
Review

Application of enzymes as a feed additive in aquaculture

Qingping Liang et al. Mar Life Sci Technol. .

Abstract

Modern aquaculture must be sustainable in terms of energy consumption, raw materials used, and environmental impact, so alternatives are needed to replace fish feed with other raw materials. Enzyme use in the agri-food industry is based on their efficiency, safety, and protection of the environment, which aligns with the requirements of a resource-saving production system. Enzyme supplementation in fish feed can improve digestibility and absorption of both plant- and animal-derived ingredients, increasing the growth parameters of aquacultural animals. Herein we summarized the recent literature that reported the use of digestive enzymes (amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, and hemicellulases) and non-digestive enzymes (phytases, glucose oxidase, and lysozyme) in fish feed. In addition, we analyzed how critical steps of the pelleting process, including microencapsulation and immobilization, can interfere with enzyme activity in the final fish feed product.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00128-z.

Keywords: Aquaculture; Enzyme microencapsulation; Enzymes; Feed additive; Fish feed.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestFS is a member of the Editorial Board for MLST, but was not involved in the review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Representation of the possible roles in the gastroenteric fish tract of exogenous enzymes administered by fish feed and of the homologous endogenous enzymes (if present) after the ingestion of the feed
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Origin, preparation, and possible points of the application of enzymes, in the pathways of fish feed production. Numbers 1, 2 and 3 indicate possible points where enzymes can act to (1) pre-digest fish feed, (2) be mixed with the mash for pelleting after enzyme stabilization toward temperature and operational conditions for pelleting or (3) be mixed with fish feed pellets to function in the gastroenteric fish tract
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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