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Review
. 2023 May 18;44(3):525-542.
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.025.

Advances in viral encephalitis: Viral transmission, host immunity, and experimental animal models

Dan Yang  1 , Xiao-Jing Li  2 , De-Zhen Tu  3 , Xiu-Li Li  4 , Bin Wei  1   5
Affiliations
Review

Advances in viral encephalitis: Viral transmission, host immunity, and experimental animal models

Dan Yang et al. Zool Res. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries. Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis (VE), especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma, has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates. Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes. In this review, we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses, viral transmission routes in the body, host immune responses, and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection. This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.

在过去的几个世纪，大流行性病毒感染导致多次公共卫生危机的爆发。在所有的病毒感染中，嗜神经性病毒感染累及脑膜和脑实质的病毒性脑炎，因其较高的死亡率和致残率而受到越来越多的关注。明确常见嗜神经病毒的感染途径和宿主免疫反应机制对于减少病毒传播和提高抗病毒治疗效果至关重要。该文从嗜神经病毒的种类及在人体的传播途径、宿主免疫反应的研究进展以及病毒性脑炎研究常用的实验动物模型等三大方面进行了系统性的梳理和总结。该综述有助于深入了解嗜神经病毒感染的致病和人体免疫反应机制的最新进展，并为如何应对大流行感染提供有价值的科学依据和展望。

Keywords: Experimental animal models; Meningeal immunity; Neurotropic viruses; Viral encephalitis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viral transmission routes in the body
Figure 2
Figure 2
Meningeal and parenchymal immunity during VE
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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