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. 2023 Apr 19;76(76 Suppl1):S153-S161.
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac910.

Histo-Blood Group Antigen Null Phenotypes Associated With a Decreased Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure Among Children <2 Years of Age Participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study in Kenya, Mali, and the Gambia

Lauren M Schwartz  1   2 , Jennifer Oshinsky  3   4 , Mardi Reymann  3   4 , Mathew D Esona  5 , Michael D Bowen  5 , M Jahangir Hossain  6 , Syed M A Zaman  6 , Joquina Chiquita M Jones  6 , Martin Antonio  6 , Henry Badji  6 , Golam Sarwar  6 , Samba O Sow  7 , Doh Sanogo  7 , Adama Mamby Keita  7 , Boubou Tamboura  7 , Awa Traoré  7 , Uma Onwuchekwa  7 , Richard Omore  8 , Jennifer R Verani  9 , Alex O Awuor  8 , John B Ochieng  8 , Jane Juma  8 , Billy Ogwel  8 , Umesh D Parashar  5 , Jacqueline E Tate  5 , Irene N Kasumba  3   4 , Sharon M Tennant  3   4 , Kathleen M Neuzil  3   4 , Ali Rowhani-Rahbar  1 , M Elizabeth Halloran  1   2   10   11 , Robert L Atmar  12 , Marcela F Pasetti  3   13 , Karen L Kotloff  3   13
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Histo-Blood Group Antigen Null Phenotypes Associated With a Decreased Risk of Clinical Rotavirus Vaccine Failure Among Children <2 Years of Age Participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study in Kenya, Mali, and the Gambia

Lauren M Schwartz et al. Clin Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Previously studied risk factors for rotavirus vaccine failure have not fully explained reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in low-income settings. We assessed the relationship between histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) phenotypes and clinical rotavirus vaccine failure among children <2 years of age participating in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa Study in 3 sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods: Saliva was collected and tested for HBGA phenotype in children who received rotavirus vaccine. The association between secretor and Lewis phenotypes and rotavirus vaccine failure was examined overall and by infecting rotavirus genotype using conditional logistic regression in 218 rotavirus-positive cases with moderate-to-severe diarrhea and 297 matched healthy controls.

Results: Both nonsecretor and Lewis-negative phenotypes (null phenotypes) were associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine failure across all sites (matched odds ratio, 0.30 [95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.56] or 0.39 [0.25-0.62], respectively]. A similar decrease in risk against rotavirus vaccine failure among null HBGA phenotypes was observed for cases with P[8] and P[4] infection and their matched controls. While we found no statistically significant association between null HBGA phenotypes and vaccine failure among P[6] infections, the matched odds ratio point estimate for Lewis-negative individuals was >4.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a significant relationship between null HBGA phenotypes and decreased rotavirus vaccine failure in a population with P[8] as the most common infecting genotype. Further studies are needed in populations with a large burden of P[6] rotavirus diarrhea to understand the role of host genetics in reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness.

Keywords: HBGA phenotype; host genetics; rotavirus vaccine failure.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Rotavirus genotype distribution among rotavirus-positive case with moderate-to-severe (MSD) diarrhea, overall and by site.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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