Streptococcus bovis infection of the central nervous system in adults: Report of 4 cases and literature review

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical features, history and association with intestinal disease in central nervous system (CNS) S. bovis infections.

Methods: Four cases of S. bovis CNS infections from our institution are presented. Additionally a systematic literature review of articles published between 1975 and 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted.

Results: 52 studies with 65 cases were found; five were excluded because of incomplete data. In total 64 cases were analyzed including our four cases: 55 with meningitis and 9 with intracranial focal infections. Both infections were frequently associated with underlying conditions (70.3%) such as immunosuppression (32.8%) or cancer (10.9%). In 23 cases a biotype was identified, with biotype II being the most frequent (69.6%) and S. pasteurianus the most common within this subgroup. Intestinal diseases were found in 60.9% of cases, most commonly neoplasms (41.0%) and Strongyloides infestation (30.8%). Overall mortality was 17.1%, with a higher rate in focal infection (44.4% vs 12.7%; p=0.001).

Conclusions: CNS infections due to S. bovis are infrequent and the most common clinical form is meningitis. Compared with focal infections, meningitis had a more acute course, was less associated with endocarditis and had a lower mortality. Immunosuppression and intestinal disease were frequent in both infections.

Keywords: Absceso cerebral; Central nervous system infections; Cerebral abscess; Enfermedad intestinal; Infecciones del sistema nervioso central; Intestinal diseases; Meningitis; S. bovis.