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. 2023 Apr 19;13(1):6376.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33286-w.

Fe3O4@nano-almondshell/Si(CH2)3/2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine as an effective magnetite almond shell-based nanocatalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives

Dina Mallah  1 , Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili  2 , Abdolhamid Bamoniri  3
Affiliations

Fe3O4@nano-almondshell/Si(CH2)3/2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine as an effective magnetite almond shell-based nanocatalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives

Dina Mallah et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The preparation and design of nano-catalysts based on magnetic biopolymers as green and biocompatible nano-catalysts have made many advances. This paper deals with the preparation of magnetite biopolymer-based Brønsted base nano-catalyst from a nano-almond (Prunus dulcis) shell. This magnetite biopolymer-based nano-catalyst was obtained through a simple process based on the core-shelling of nano-almond shell and Fe3O4 NPs and then the immobilization of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as linker and 2-aminoethylpiperazine as a basic section. Structural and morphological analysis of this magnetite biopolymer-based nano-catalyst were done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Vibrating sample magnetization, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and Transmission electron microscopy techniques. The performance of the synthesized Fe3O4@nano-almondshell/Si(CH2)3/2-(1-piperazinyl)ethylamine as a novel magnetite biopolymer-based nano-catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran was investigated and showed excellent efficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of FNASiPPEA, dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromene, and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FT-IR spectra of (a) nano-almond shell, (b) AEP, and (c) FNASiPPEA.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FESEM images of FNASiPPEA (a and b), and (c) TEM of FNASiPPEA.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD patterns of (a) Fe3O4 NPs, and (b) FNASiPPEA.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TGA/DTA curves of FNASiPPEA.
Figure 6
Figure 6
VSM analysis of (a) Fe3O4 NPs, (b) FNASiPPEA.
Figure 7
Figure 7
EDS diagram of FNASiPPEA.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Maps of FNASiPPEA.
Figure 9
Figure 9
N2 adsorption (blue line)—desorption (red line) isotherm and corresponding diagrams pore size distributions (BJH, BET, Langmuir, t-plot).
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Hot filtration test, (b) FT-IR, (c) FESEM, (d) VSM, and (e) XRD of recovered bio-based nano-catalyst.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Reusability of FNASiPPEA for the synthesis of DHPC.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Recyclability of FNASiPPEA for the synthesis of THBP.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Proposed mechanism for synthesis of DHPC and THBP.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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