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. 2023 Mar 27;26(4):106501.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106501. eCollection 2023 Apr 21.

Construction of a national natural hazard interaction framework: The case of Sweden

Viktor Sköld Gustafsson  1 , Mattias Hjerpe  2 , Gustav Strandberg  3
Affiliations

Construction of a national natural hazard interaction framework: The case of Sweden

Viktor Sköld Gustafsson et al. iScience. .

Abstract

Recent multiple natural hazards and compound climate events studies have identified a range of interaction types and examined natural hazard interactions in various locations. Yet, there are calls for examining relevant multiple natural hazards in still unstudied national contexts as Sweden. Moreover, multi-hazard concepts rarely consider climate change effects, despite the call of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to adopt multi-hazard approaches and the growing recognition that compound events should be considered "normal". Using a systematic literature study, the paper presents a national natural hazard interaction framework for Sweden identifying 39 cascading, 56 disposition alteration, 3 additional hazard potential, and 17 coincident triggering interactions between 20 natural hazards. Reviewed gray literature, an expert workshop, and reviewed climate research suggest increases of multiple natural hazards with heat wave and heavy rain as triggering or driving events and with hydrological hazards, for instance, fluvial floods, landslides, and debris flows, as the main consequences.

Keywords: Climatology; Earth sciences; Human Geography.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic view of how natural hazards interact in the multiple natural hazards and compound climate events; literature obtained from categorizations in De Angeli et al. and Zscheischler et al.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A Swedish national natural hazard interaction framework The 20x20 matrix displays primary hazards vertically and secondary hazards horizontally. The interactions include primary hazard triggering a secondary hazard in a cascade (red), primary hazard altering the disposition of a secondary hazard (blue), primary hazard amplifying or increasing the potential of a secondary hazard (yellow), and primary hazard coincidently triggering a secondary hazard (green). The matrix was populated using the three different evidence types (see also Tables S1 and S2).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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