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. 2022 Oct-Dec;26(4):509-517.
doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_517_20. Epub 2022 Dec 22.

Prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with hypothyroidism versus non-hypothyroidism - A case control study of 1000 cases

Nisha Maddheshiya  1 , G C Shivakumar  2 , Neeta Misra  3 , Varun Rastogi  4 , Shailesh Kumar  5
Affiliations

Prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients with hypothyroidism versus non-hypothyroidism - A case control study of 1000 cases

Nisha Maddheshiya et al. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Background: The oral cavity is a unique environment where systemic maladies may be amplified by the oral mucosa. Oral diseases are usually local, but may also be the sign of systemic disease. Oral lesions are mostly one of the first indications of a systemic problem. Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease that involves the skin and mucous membrane. It is one of the most common oral diseases that manifest itself in the oral cavity. The exact cause of oral lichen planus (OLP) is unknown, but the immunologic system plays a leading role in the pathogenesis. It is well documented that OLP represents a cell-mediated immune response.

Materials and methods: The study population was drawn from the patients attending the outpatient Department of General Medicine and Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a total of 1000 subjects, out of which 500 subjects were clinically diagnosed with hypothyroidism and 500 subjects were without the history of hypothyroidism. The data collected was compiled and analysed to obtain the result. A Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables and the analysis was carried out on SPSS 16.0 version.

Results: The study revealed an increased prevalence of OLP in hypothyroidism. Cases clearly had a predilection of 2.37 times more tendency to develop OLP as compared to the control.

Conclusion: To conclude, it seems that OLP was more prevalent in hypothyroid individuals, especially in females in the third and fourth decades of life.

Keywords: Cutaneous lichen planus; hypothyroidism; levothyroxine; oral lichen planus; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lymphocytic infiltrates in the lamina propria and basal cell liquefactive degeneration
Figure 2
Figure 2
Armamentarium used
Figure 3
Figure 3
Oral lichen planus on the dorsum of the tongue
Figure 4
Figure 4
Oral lichen planus – Reticular type on the right buccal mucosa
Figure 5
Figure 5
Oral lichen planus – Erosive type on the left buccal mucosa
Figure 6
Figure 6
Oral Lichen Planus – Atrophic type on right alveolar mucosa
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cutaneous Lichen Planus on left ankle
Graph 1
Graph 1
Comparison of diagnosis according to gender among cases
Graph 2
Graph 2
Prevalence of hypothyroid according to gender among cases
Graph 3
Graph 3
Comparison of diagnosis between cases and controls
Graph 4
Graph 4
Comparison of diagnosis according to age among cases
Graph 5
Graph 5
Distribution of OLP amongst cases and control
Graph 6
Graph 6
Distribution of OLP patients according to their symptoms
Graph 7
Graph 7
Distribution of OLP according to their location
Graph 8
Graph 8
Distribution of OLP lesion according to the type of presentation
Graph 9
Graph 9
Distribution of OLP according to duration/chronicity
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