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. 2023 Apr 11:2023:1219432.
doi: 10.1155/2023/1219432. eCollection 2023.

Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Bridelia micrantha a Cameroonian Medicinal Plant Used for the Treatment of Malaria

Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin  1 , Yamssi Cedric  2 , Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia  3 , Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar Sidiki  4 , Mounvera Abdel Azizi  4 , Gamago Nkadeu Guy-Armand  4 , Tientcheu Noutong Jemimah Sandra  4 , Mbohou Nchetnkou Christian  1 , Essangui Same Estelle Géraldine  5 , Tankoua-Tchounda Roméo  1 , Vincent Khan Payne  5 , Lehmann Léopold Gustave  1
Affiliations

Antiplasmodial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activity of Bridelia micrantha a Cameroonian Medicinal Plant Used for the Treatment of Malaria

Tako Djimefo Alex Kevin et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Introduction: Resistance to common antimalarial drugs and persistence of the endemicity of malaria constitute a major public health problem in Cameroon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Bridelia micrantha used by Cameroonian traditional healers for the treatment of malaria.

Methods: Aqueous and ethanolic stem bark extracts were prepared according to standard procedures. The SYBR Green method was used for antiplasmodial activity on strains of Plasmodium falciparum sensitive to chloroquine (3D7) and resistant (Dd2). In vitro antioxidant activities of B. micrantha were determined using the scavenging activity of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, ferric reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide as well as their cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and red blood cells (RBC).

Results: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Bridelia micrantha showed antiplasmodial activity on the 3D7 strain with IC50 of 31.65 ± 0.79 μg/ml and 19.41 ± 2.93 μg/ml, respectively, as well as 37.64 ± 0.77 μg/ml and 36.22 ± 1.04 μg/ml for the Dd2 strain, respectively. The aqueous and ethanol extracts showed free radical scavenging properties. The IC50 aqueous and ethanol extract was approximately 0.0001737 μg/ml, 42.92 μg/ml, 1197 μg/ml, 63.78 μg/ml and 4.617 μg/ml, 429.9 μg/ml, 511 μg/ml, and 69.32 μg/ml for DPPH, NO, H2O2, and FRAP, respectively, which were compared to ascorbic acid (8.610e - 005 μg/ml, 2901 μg/ml, 3237 μg/ml, and 18.57 μg/ml). The aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. micrantha were found to be nontoxic with CC50 values of 950 ± 6.6 μg/ml and 308.3 ± 45.4 μg/ml, respectively. Haemolysis test showed that the two extracts were not toxic.

Conclusion: These results suggest that B. micrantha can serve as an antimalarial agent. However, further studies are needed to validate the use of B. micrantha as an antimalarial.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Free radical scavenging of DPPH: % inhibition production according to log (concentration (μg/ml). The data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean, and each point represents the mean of three replicates.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Free radical scavenging of NO: % inhibition production according to log (concentration (μg/ml). The data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean, and each point represents the mean of three replicates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Free radical scavenging of H2O2: % inhibition hydrogen peroxide according to log (concentration (μg/ml). The data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean, and each point represents the mean of three replicates.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ferric reducing power activity according to log (concentration (μg/ml). The data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean, and each point represents the mean of three replicates.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Haemolytic effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. micrantha.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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