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Review
. 2023 Jun;44(2):279-297.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.008. Epub 2022 Nov 28.

Antiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia

Christopher Radcliffe  1 , Maricar Malinis  1 , Marwan M Azar  2
Affiliations
Review

Antiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia

Christopher Radcliffe et al. Clin Chest Med. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Direct acting antivirals and monoclonal antibodies reduce morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Persons at higher risk for disease progression and hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) benefit most from available therapies. Following an emphasis on inpatient treatment of COVID-19 during the early pandemic, several therapeutic options were developed for outpatients with COVID-19. Additional clinical trials and real-world studies are needed to keep pace with the evolving pandemic.

Keywords: Bebtelovimab; COVID-19; Molnupiravir; Nirmatrelvir; Remdesivir; SARS-CoV-2; Tixagevimab/cilgavimab.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Timeline for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapies in the United States. FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; EUA, emergency use authorization; WHO, World Health Organization.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapies.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Clinical pathway for management of outpatient persons with COVID-19. Clinical pathway as of May 16, 2022. Definitions for “severely immunosuppressed” and “very high risk” provided in Supplement Table 2. CrCl, creatinine clearance; ED, emergency department; EUA, emergency use authorization; HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Clinical pathway for preexposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab. Clinical pathway as of May 16, 2022. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Clinical pathway for management of inpatient persons with COVID-19. Clinical pathway as of May 16, 2022. AKI, acute kidney injury; CrCl, creatinine clearance; ESRD, end stage renal disease; EUA, emergency use authorization; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; NPO, nil per os; PO, per os.
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