Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jun;54(2):619-627.
doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-00961-z. Epub 2023 Apr 22.

Relationships between Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 and General Control Nonderepressible 4 gene in the Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole under planktonic and biofilm conditions

Wenli Feng  1 , Jing Yang  2 , Yan Ma  3 , Luwen Zhang  3 , Rong Yin  3 , Zusha Qiao  3 , Ying Ji  4 , Yong'an Zhou  4
Affiliations

Relationships between Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 and General Control Nonderepressible 4 gene in the Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole under planktonic and biofilm conditions

Wenli Feng et al. Braz J Microbiol. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the roles of SAP2 and GCN4 in itraconazole (ITR) resistance of C. albicans under different conditions, and their correlations. A total of 20 clinical strains of C. albicans, including 10 ITR resistant strains and 10 sensitive strains, were used. Then, SAP2 sequencing and GCN4 sequencing were performed, and the biofilm formation ability of different C. albicans strains was determined. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of SAP2 and GCN4 in C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, as well as their correlation was also analyzed. No missense mutations and three synonymous mutation sites, including T276A, G543A, and A675C, were found in SAP2 sequencing. GCN4 sequencing showed one missense mutation site (A106T (T36S)) and six synonymous mutation sites (A147C, C426T, T513C, T576A, G624A and C732T). The biofilm formation ability of drug-resistant C. albicans strains was significantly higher than that of sensitive strains (P < 0.05). Additionally, SAP2 and GCN4 were up-regulated in the ITR-resistant strains, and were both significantly higher in C. albicans under biofilm condition. The mRNA expression levels of SAP2 and GCN4 had significantly positive correlation. The higher expression levels of SAP2 and GCN4 were observed in the ITR-resistant strains of C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, as well as there was a positive correlation between SAP2 and GCN4 mRNA expression.

Keywords: GCN4; Invasive candidiasis; C. albicans; Itraconazole resistance; SAP2.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The biofilm growth of C. albicans under different time points and the biofilm formation ability of different strains. A An inverted microscope was used to observe the biofilm growth of C. albicans at 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. B OD490nm value was measured to assess the biofilm formation ability of sensitive and resistant strains
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The expression of SAP2 and GCN4 in different strains of C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions. The expression of SAP2 (A) and GCN4 (B) in C. albicans under planktonic condition. The expression of SAP2 (C) and GCN4 (D) in C. albicans under biofilm condition
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Comparison of SAP2 and GCN4 in sensitive and resistant C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions. A The expression of SAP2 under planktonic and biofilm conditions. B The expression of GCN4 under planktonic and biofilm conditions
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Li D, Li T, Bai C, et al. A predictive nomogram for mortality of cancer patients with invasive candidiasis: a 10-year study in a cancer center of North China. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):021–05780. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Srivastava V, Singla RK, Dubey AK. Emerging Virulence, Drug resistance and future anti-fungal drugs for candida pathogens. Curr Top Med Chem. 2018;18(9):759–778. doi: 10.2174/1568026618666180528121707. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pinto-Magalhães S, Martins A, Lacerda S, et al. Candidemia in a Portuguese tertiary care hospital: analysis of a 2-year period. J Mycol Med. 2019;29(4):320–324. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.08.002. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Priyadarshini E, Rawat K, Prasad T, et al. Antifungal efficacy of Au@ carbon dots nanoconjugates against opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2018;163:355–361. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pristov KE, Ghannoum MA. Resistance of Candida to azoles and echinocandins worldwide. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(7):792–798. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.03.028. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources