A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia

Ebtihag O Alenzi^{1

2

3}, Waseem Fatima^{3

4}, Abdelbasset Amara^{3

5}, Mohd Imran^{3

6}, Syed Sajid Hussain Shah^{3

7}, Amal Ahmed Elbilgahy^{3

8

9}, Manal S Fawzy^{3

10

11}, Lobna M Abu-Negm^{3

12

13}, Md Ali Mujtaba^{3

14}, Ingrid Jacinto-Caspillo^{3

15}, Awdah M Al-Hazimi^{3

16}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
² Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
¹⁰ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
¹² Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁴ Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁵ Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 37089278
PMCID: PMC10120835
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S401001

Review

A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia

Ebtihag O Alenzi et al. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023.

. 2023 Apr 17:16:1047-1056.

doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S401001. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
² Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Health & Medical Research Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
¹⁰ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
¹² Emergency Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹³ Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁴ Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁵ Medical and Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 37089278
PMCID: PMC10120835
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S401001

Abstract

Estimation of the prevalence of chronic conditions is pivotal to effective healthcare planning and management. Therefore, our objective was to systemically review previous literature about the prevalence of chronic diseases among residents of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia. The electronic search has been done using scientific databases (PubMed, Ebsco, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and search engines up to September 2021. The following main key terms: chronic disease OR chronic conditions AND prevalence AND Northern Borders Province OR Northern Borders AND Saudi Arabia were applied. Other related terms with a more specific search were done with names of the main cities in the province and the most common diseases in Saudi Arabia. Duplicates were removed electronically by Endnote and manually. Extracted data were tabulated in the literature matrix. The risk of bias and quality of included studies were assessed using the "Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology" (STROBE) checklist. Out of 63 observational studies that were assessed for eligibility, 21 observational studies were included to synthesize the evidence. These studies were conducted on Arar (n=16), Turaif (n=2), and Rafha (n=1), while the remaining were national studies in which NBP was one of the included regions (n=2). The most frequently studied diseases were diabetes (4 records), psychological diseases (4 records), and obesity (3 records). The most prevalent disease was gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), with an estimated prevalence of 61% among adults in Arar city. In conclusion, although some research is conducted about chronic diseases somewhere in NBP, further studies are needed to study chronic diseases using a representative sample of the whole NBP population.

Keywords: chronic diseases; medical healthcare; northern borders province; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

**Figure 1**
The geographical location of the Northern Border Province (green area) in Saudi Arabia. It includes four main areas, as indicated in the figure. Data source (Google Maps: https://www.google.com/maps).

**Figure 2**
Flow chart of study selection according to PRISMA guidelines.

**Figure 3**
A summary risk of bias results using the STROBE checklist.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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1. Centers for Disease, C.; Prevention. The Burden of Chronic Diseases and Their Risk Factors: National and State Perspectives. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2002.
1. Hajat C, Stein E. The global burden of multiple chronic conditions: a narrative review. Prev Med Rep. 2018;12:284–293. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.008 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia

Affiliations

A Systematic Review of Chronic Diseases and Their Prevalence Among the Population of Northern Borders Province (NBP) in Saudi Arabia

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

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Full Text Sources